自考英语语言学200110

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试

现代语言学试题

课程代码：00830

第一部分 选择题

一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分) 在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。

1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.( )

A. the conventional nature of language

B. the creative nature of language

C. the universality of language

D. the big difference between human language and animal communication

2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( )

A. kibl B. bkil C. ilkb D. ilbk

3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula "S→NP VP".( )

A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical

4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( )

A. Case Condition B. parameter

C. Adjacent Condition D. Adjacent Parameter

5. Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence

6. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( )

A. commisives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives

7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages.

A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative

8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term.

A. title+first name B. title+title

C. title alone D. first name+last name+title

9. Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as "subvocal speech," and speech as "_______".( )

A. vocal thought B. subvocal thought

C. covert thought D. overt thought

10. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition?_______.( )

A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation

B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings

C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language

D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use

第二部分 非选择题

二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。)

11.In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of

s________ studies, such as sociology and psychology.

12. Clear ［1］ and dark［］are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in

sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c________ distribution.

13. A r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite

meaning.

14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other.

15. That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of

c________ antonyms.

16. While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concrete and

context-dependent.

17. Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English

verb ask was Old English askian, with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________.

18. In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a

characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages.

19. The brain's neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is specific to human

beings.

20. In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in

learning a second language. This is know as language t________.

三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。) 判断下列各题正误，正者在括号内写“T ”，

误者在括号内写“F ”，并说明理由。

( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.

( ) 22. In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such

as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.

( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words.

( )24. “The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The linguistic lecture”

in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category.

( )25. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while

linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.

( )26. An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike

entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original

presupposition is still true.

( )27.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional

and not arbitrary.

( )28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can

connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism.

( )29. If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully

later on.

( )30. When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not

part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach

them.

四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。)

31.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language)

32.phonic medium of language

33.voicing

34.inflectional morphemes

35.reference

36.locutionary act

37.protolanguage

38.ethnic dialect

39.registers

40.acculturation

五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。)

41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the

constituent relationship among linguistic elements? Support your statement with examples.

42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production.

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试

现代语言学试题参考答案

课程代码：00830

一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)

1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D

6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A

二、填空题(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)

11.social 12.complementary 13.root 14.complex 15.complementary

16.utterance 17.metathesis 18.bilingualism 19.lateralization 20.transfer

三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)

21.F —— The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention.

22.T 23.F —— Some compounds contain more than two words.

24.T 25.F ——It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions "morning star" and " evening star." They refer to the same star but differ in sense.

26.T 27.F —— The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary.

28.T 29.T 30.F —— Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world, no

matter what language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire the " more difficult" sounds.

四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分)

31.One of the major defining features of human language. Humans are born with the ability to acquire a

language, but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally transmitted, i.e. it has to be taught and learnt.

32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e. the speech sounds.

33.V oicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds. It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords.

34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatical relations and categories,

such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English.

35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the

form and the reality. For example ,if we say, "The dog is barking," we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation. The actual dog the word "dog" refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word "dog".

36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses. It is the act of conveying literal

meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. For example, by saying "You have left the door wide open", the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean.

37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist. The proto form can be

reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages.

38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language, often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken

mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation.

39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations, in contrast to language

varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason, registers are also known as situational dialects.

40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language

community.

五、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分)

41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups

words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements.

For example, the phrase " the old men and women" may have two interpretations, i.e. the

adjective "old” may modify the noun "men", or the following two nouns "men and women". Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous. Whereas, the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear. So, we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis.

NP

NP NP

The old men the women the old men and the old women

42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis, language use in terms of perception, comprehension

and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers.

When we speak, words are drawn from Wernicke's area and transferred to Broca's area, which

determines the details of their form and pronunciation. The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words.

When we hear something and try to comprehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is

transmitted to Wernicke's area, where it is then interpreted.

When we perceive a visual image, a message is sent to the angular gyrus, where it is converted into

a visual pattern.