深圳版七年级上册英语U7语法将练

卓越个性化教案 GFJW0901

Unit 7 School clubs Grammar

Step 1语法讲解：一般过去时

一、概念

过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 或者是过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。其谓语部分用动词的过去式来表示，实义动词没有人称和数的变化，但be 动词有单数was 和复数were 之分。 二、通常使用一般过去时的时间状语

如： yesterday 昨天、 the day before yesterday 前天、two days ago…两天前… 、the other day 前几天 、last night (week 、Sunday 、weekend 、month 、winter 、year 、century 世纪）、ago 很久以前（一段时间+ago） 、this morning今天早上、 just now 刚刚、 at the moment 那时、at the age of 8在8岁的时候、one day 、once upon a time 很久以前、in the old days 过去的日子里、long long ago很久以前

三、行为动词的一般过去式

行为动词是指表示具体动作的动词，如play, watch, eat等，它们的过去式表示这个动作发生在过去的某一时间。 We played basketball yesterday.

1、行为动词的过去式的构成：可概括为“直、去、双、改”四字诀。

①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加ed. 如watched, played.

②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，去掉e 再加ed. 如hoped, lived.

③重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，即“辅＋元＋辅” （w 和y 除外），须双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed. 如

stopped, dragged, dropped, planned, chatted, kidded, begged, regretted, controlled, admitted, occurred, preferred, referred, permitted, equipped等. 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l 可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）

注：加现在分词时，需要留意以下两种情况。 ①open 它不是以重读闭音节结尾的，不符合上述条件，故末尾辅音不能双写。而begin ， forget 是重读闭音节结尾的单词，符合上述情况，构成现在分词时，需双写辅音beginning ，forgetting 。 ②throw, play, stay虽符合" 一元一辅" 条件，但他们是元音字母组合发音不符合条件，故不能双写throwing ，playing staying ④以“辅音字母＋y ”结尾的动词变y 为i, 再加ed. 如studied, worried.

２、行为动词在一般过去时态的句子中的用法

肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do 和 does 的过去式 did. 谓语动词要用过去式时，行为动词的过去式没有人称和数的变化；改为否定句时，要把谓语动词改为“didn ’t+动词原形”；改为一般疑问句时，在句首加助动词did ，句中的动词要改为动词原形。

肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语

如：I went home at nine o'clock yesterday. They watched TV last night.

如：I didn't go home yesterday. They didn’t watch TV last night.

一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语

如：Did you go home yesterday? Did they watch TV yesterday?

肯定回答：Yes,I did. Yes, they did.

否定回答：No,I didn't. No, they didn’t.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句 When did they go home? When did they watch TV?

四、be 动词的一般过去时

1、be 动词过去式的构成

be 动词的过去式表示过去的状态，如是什么，在哪里，怎么样等。 I was twelve last year. 它与am, is, are一样，形式多样。当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单数时，谓语动词用was, 主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were. 即am, is的过去式是was; are的过去式是were. ２、be 动词在一般过去时态的句子中的用法。

在肯定句中，be 动词要用过去式was 或were ，在人称和数上与主语保持一致；改为否定句时，在was 或were 后直接加not; 改为一般疑问句时，将was 或were 提到句首即可。 肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语

如：I was late yesterday. They were in Beijing last week.

否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语

如：We weren't late yesterday. They weren’t/ were not in Beijing last week. 疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语

如：Were you ill yesterday? Were they in Beijing last week?

肯定回答：Yes,I was. Yes, they were.

否定句：No,I wasn't. No, they weren’t.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语

如：When were you born? Where were they last week?

五、助动词和情态动词过去式如下：

shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数 will―would（将要）用于所有人称

can —could （能，会） may―might（可以） must―must （必须） have to―had to（不得不） 助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。 如：I had to do my homework yesterday. （昨天我不得不做作业。）

六、一般过去式的主要用法

(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态一般过去时不强调动 作对现在的影响，只说明过去的事情。

My father worked in Shanghai last year. It was hot yesterday.

Lei Feng was a good soldier. 注意 ：在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。

(2)也可以表示过去经常或反复发生的动作, 常与always, often, never等连用。 I often went to school on foot. （过去）我经常步行去上学。

Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。 （只是说明她过去的动作，不表明她现在是否常带着伞。）

（说明这是她的习惯，表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞）

Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella. 彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。 （表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦）

I never drank wine. 我以前从不喝酒。

（不涉及到现在，不说明现在是否喝酒）

(3)与when 等连词引导的状语从句连用。

When we got home, we had a short rest. He was reading books when his father came in.

(4)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do（过去常常做，而现在不那样做了） He used to drink alcohol. 他过去喝酒。

（意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了）

I used to take a walk in the morning. 我过去是在早晨散步。

（意味着现在不在早晨散步了） （只是说明过去这一动作）

(5)有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的

状态的话，也要用过去时。

I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。

（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）

I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。

（指在说话之前，我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病）

Step 2：语法专项练习

一、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)

( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday．

A ． isn't B ． aren't C ． wasn't D ． weren't

( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖

A ． Is B ． Was C ． Are D ． Were

( )3． The twins ＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They ＿＿＿＿＿＿here now．

A ． are; were B ． were; are C ． was; are D ． were; was

( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿

A ． Was; before B ． Is; before C ． Was; after D ． Is; after

( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖

—＿＿＿＿＿＿．

A ． I am B ． I was C ． Yes, I was D ． No, I wasn't

( )6. I cleaned my classroom ___________.

A with three hours B three hours ago

C in three hours D three hours before

( ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago .

A back on B back to C to back D back

( ) 8 . ___________? He did some reading at home.

A What does your father do yesterday evening

B What does your brother do in the school

C What did your brother do over the weekend

D Where did your brother go last Sunday

A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday

( ) 10. The koala sleeps _______，but gets up _________.

A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during night

C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night

二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)

1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.

2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.

3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?

He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.

4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.

5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.

She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.

6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.

7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.

8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.

9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.

10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.

三、翻译下列句子(20)

1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。

I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.

2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。

Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book last night.

3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。

Emma__________ TV every day. But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.

4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。

What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?

They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.

5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。

This morning Fangfang ____ ____ ____ ____ because his father _____ _____ ____ yesterday.

6. 你还有什么要说的？ What _______ would you like _______ _______?

7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。 Don ’t forget ______ _______ _______ _______ the teacher.

8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？ Why _______ you _______ TV last night?

9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。

When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.

10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。 ---When _______ he _______? ---_______ 1980.

四、改写句子：(20)

1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）

Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.

2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）. （变一般疑问句)

___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?

3、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)

_______ there _______ orange in the cup?

4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）

_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）

_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?

6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）

Thomas______ _____RMB 10 on this book.

________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?

8. I think she is Lily’s sister.

（否定句。注意否定转移）____________________

9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）

Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.

10. （划线提问）

_______ _______ he _______ ________?

五、 改错题(20)

1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________

2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________

3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________

4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________

5．Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________

6．Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________

7．I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________

8．He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________

9．Who find it just now ? ________________________________________

10.What make him cry (哭) just now? __________________________________ 答案：

一、单项选择：1---5 CDBAB 6----10 BBCBD

二、1.had 2. Did; practice; didn't

3.did; do; watched; read 4.went 5.didn't visit; stayed; did

6.did write; wrote 7.studied; practiced 8. Did; do;did

9.was; wasn't 10. Was; wasn't

三、1.spent a busy but 2.reading books; read

3.watches; didn't watch TV 4.did; do last; did their; went shopping

5.had to cook breakfast; wasn't at home 6.else; to say; 7.to say goodbye to

8.did; watch 9.cleaned; found 10.was; born; In

四、1.didn't do 2. Did; find any 3. Was; any

4. Did; read 5. Why don't you go 6.didn't spend

7.where did your; go 8. I don't think she is Lily's sister

9.doesn't; do. 10. What does; look like

五、1.is------was 2.go-------went 3.goes------went

4.can-------could 5.saw------see 6.wasn't -------didn't

7. 在didn't 后加do 8.wait--------waited 9.find------found

10.make-------made

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Step 3 知识扩展-----典型易错题举例分析

1. It is _______ outside. Let’s put on our raincoats and go out, Tom.

A. cold B. hot C. sunny D. rainy

【解析】此题易误为A 。因为这里有个put on 短语，如果不注意raincoats 这个词那就很可能草率地选择A 。raincoats 是“雨衣”的意思，而不是一般的衣服，那么不是因为外面“冷”，而是因为“下雨”才穿“雨衣”。正确答案为D 。

2. —_______ do you _______ about spring?

—The flowers and the green trees.

A. How, like B. How, think C. What, think D. What, like

【解析】此题陷阱选项为A 或B 或C 。这是由于忽略语境造成的。由答语The flowers and the

D 。

3. —What’s your sister like?

—_______.

A. She is a worker B. She likes pears

C. She is very thin D. She is like her father

【解析】此题陷阱选项为B 或D 。有很多考生一看题干中的like 一词就会想当然地选择B 或D 。其实，问句的意思是“你姐姐长得怎么样?”因此，正确答案为C 。What’s … like? 这个句型常常用来询问某人的长相或某事的情况(包括天气情况) 。

4. —It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door?

—_______. Please do it now.

A. to open, OK B. opening, Certainly not

C. opening, Of course D. to open, Good idea

【解析】此题陷阱选项为A 。一方面是由于不了解mind 的用法，另一方面的由于忽略造成的。mind 后面接动词时要用其ing 形式。由答语中的Please do it now. 可知“不介意”。正确答案为B 。

5. —If you have any trouble, be sure to call me.

—_______.

A. I am glad to hear that B. I will. very much.

C. I have no trouble D . I will think it over

【解析】此题陷阱选项为A 或D 。由于受汉语思维的影响很容易选择A 或D 。其实，问句意为“如果你有麻烦，一定要打电话给我”，这是一个表示请求的句子，对于别人的请求要么拒绝要么接受，而不能含糊其辞。正确答案为C 。

典型形容词和副词考题分析

1. We should keep _______ in the reading-room.

A. quite B. quietly

C. quiet D.quickly

【解析】此题容易误选A 或B 。选A 是由于不细心，把quite 当成是quiet ，草率做题造成的；选B 是由于把keep 误认为是一般的实义动词，修饰实义动词当然得用副词。其实，这里的keep 连系动词，后面要接形容词作表语。正确答案为C 。

2. The light in the room wasn’t _______for me to read.

A. enough bright B. brightly enough

C. enough brightly D. bright enough

【解析】此题容易误选A 或B 。选A 的人是受的汉语思维的影响，enough bright 翻译过来正好是“足够明亮”的意思，其实这并不符合英语的习惯，在英语中当enough 修饰形容词或副词时一定要后置；选B 的人没有注意所缺的成分是表语，作表语时应该用形容词而不用副词。正确答案为D 。

3. She is _______of the two.

A. the cleverest B. the cleverer

C. the clever D. cleverest

【解析】此题容易误选A 。这是由于思维定势引起的。因为最高级的比较范围往往用of 短语引出，那么一些考生一看到of 一词就毫不犹豫地选择了A 项。其实，由这里的two 可知，两者中的比较只能用比较级，而且指特定的两者中“较……的那一个”时，比较级前往往要用定冠词the 。因此正确答案为B 。

4. —Do you have enough men to carry these chairs?

—No. I think we need _______ men.

A. another B. other two

C. more two D. two more

【解析】此题容易误选A 或B 或C 。选A 的同学是由于草率做题造成的，因为这里空格后

的影响引起的，汉语中说“另外两个”，但是英语中要说other two 或two more ，这与汉语的习惯不一样。正确答案为D 。

其实，another 后面也可以接一些表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词。如：

If you give us another twenty minutes (= twenty more minutes), we will finish the work. 如果你再给我们二十分钟，我们就可以完成这项工作。

5. He is taller than _______ girl in his class.

A. any B. other

C. any other D. another

【解析】此题容易误选C 。这是由于思维定势引起的。平时大家都熟悉这样的句子China is larger than any other country in Asia. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. 于是than any other 这个结构在同学们的头脑中已经根根深蒂固了。其实，到底要不要other, 关键是看主语是否也在比较的范围之内；如果在范围之内，就必须用other, 以此来避免与自身进行比较；如果不在范围之内，则不能用other, 因为没有必要把自身排除。这里主语he 不属于girl in his class之列，不能用other, 因此正确为A 。