大学英语四级长难句分析
1. I say you only live once and we work hard and what ’s the point if you cannot go on holiday. 我说你只活一次, 你不能度假,那我们这么努力的工作还有什么意义呢?
2. Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful.
我们应该感恩,因为众所周知,钱是众多东西最有可能破坏一段关系的东西之一。
3. Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women.
KS 相信钱是个大事情是因为它所象征的东西,对于男人和女人而言是不同的。
4. Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.
TL 警告 男生正在被英国的教育体制所毁掉, 因为英国的教育体制太过于关注女生了。
5. Because boys generally have more acute
vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given “hands-on ”lessons (亲手实践的) where they are allowed to walk around.
因为男生通常而言有更敏锐的视力,通过抚摸学得更好,而且在体力上也更活跃,他们需要给予可以随意四处走动的实践课。
6. Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.
全球变暖导致了每年30多万人的死亡和大约1250亿的经济损失,根据最近的一个报告。
7. Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forum’s report was “a methodological embarrassment ” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much
larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions.
RP 说这个论坛的报告在方法论上是一个令人尴尬的事情因为根本没有办法区分是由敏感地区的人口增长和经济发展所造成更大的损失还是由人类所引起的全球变换所造成的死亡或者经济损失。
8. Several recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict.
最近几个研究发现随意地分配室友会不仅会导致更宽容,而且会导致更大可能性的冲突。
9. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job.
薪水是最大的障碍,因为有家室的人会觉得如果他们去学校工作的话,他们承受不起薪水的减少
10. The biggest problem(chief/main) is that couples assume each other knows what ’s
going on with their fiancés, but they don’t. 最大的问题是夫妻之间以为对方知道他们的钱做了什么,但是他们不知道。
11. In a healthy relationship, you do not have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.
健康的夫妻关系没有必要对钱达成一致,但是得讨论。
12. Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the “boy code ” of hiding their emotions to be a “real man”.
13. The findings of study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.
14. But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys ’learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them
to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study ’s author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.
15. But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.
16. However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.
17. In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases.
18.
19. In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye---the only black student on his freshman year floor---said that “if you are surrounded by whites, you have something to prove. ”
20. An Indiana University found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.
21. “One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly, ”said Undergraudate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. “This is the definition of integration ”.
22. Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.
23. Studies since then suggest that marriage
could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
24. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise,/similarly同样地 a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn ’t smoke. There is a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in a couple of years following their spouse’s death and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.
25. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nocholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
26. A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “people are interconnected,
interconnected. ”
27. It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university to try their luck in the commercial world, there is little traffic in the opposite direction.
28. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions.
29. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.
30. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get so their health is
a job when they graduate.
31. What ’s the point 有什么意义 有什么意思
32. Be most likely to do sth
33. More than
34. Argue with 和 争吵
35. Because of 由于
36. Split up 分开
37. Tend to 倾向于intend to 打算
38. A big deal 一件很重要的事情
39. What ’s going on 发生什么事情
40. Such as ---比如(词)like
41. Far from –一点也不
42. Conform to –遵从
43. Get involved in ---牵涉
44. Rather than /instead of 而不是
45. Go against 反对
46. Focus on : 集中 concentrate on
47. Fail to do sth 不能
48. Tailor to 制定 以适合
49. Appeal to 吸引
50. Be compelled to do sth 被强迫做某事
51. Distinguish from 区别
52. Result from 因为
53. Aim at 目标为
54. Be assigned to 被分配
55. Lead to 导致
56. Engage in 从事
57. Interact with 与 互动
58. Apply for 申请
59. With some exceptions 有一些例外
60. Throw together 随意地放在一起
61. Break down 破裂 出故障
62. Caution against 警惕地反对
63. Base on 基于
64. Be stacked against 被堆在一起
65. Marriage can more than compensate 婚姻不仅仅能补偿。
66. Be expected to 期望
67. A flip side 对立面 唱片的反面
68. In the couple of years 两年
69. Care for 关心 照顾
70. The odds favor marriage 形势对婚姻有利
71. Map out 详细制定 筹划
72. Try one’s luck 实施运气
73. In the opposite direction 相反地方向
74. Take advantage of 利用
75. A wealth of experience 很多经验
76. Be well placed to 处于良好地位
77. Be supposed to 应该
78. Their moods turned significantly darker 他们的心情变差了很多
79. Not only…but also 不仅 而且
80. In contrast 相反
Unit 13
New peaks of popularity 流行的顶峰
Carry the title 有着这样的头衔
But is plain tap water that bad? 但是白味的自来水有那么糟糕吗?
In terms of 在 方面
Similarly, /likewise同样地
View as 将 看作
Thirst for 渴求
Salivate over 垂涎
As diners thirst for leading brands, bottlers and restaurateurs salivate over the profits. Mark-up 涨价,加价
A restaurant’s typical mark-up on wine is 100 to 150 percent, whereas on bottled water it ’s often 300 to 500 percent. But since water is much cheaper than wine, and many of the fancier brands aren’t available in stores, most diners don’t notice or care.
As a result, some restaurants are turning up the pressure to sell bottled water.
Turn up the pressure 加大力度
Regardless of 不管
Tap into 深入了解
Desire for 渴望
Long for 渴望
Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wishes to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.
2
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease---especially in terms of
changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels ok but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill ”and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well ”. In recent years, however, some health
specialists have begun to apply the terms “well ” and “wellness ” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.
In excellent health 良好的身体状况
Pay attention to 关注
Apply to 将 应用于
Strive to 努力去
Be concerned about 关心
Make a point of 特别注意 重视
Be related to 与 相关
In this sense 从这个意义上讲
Make an effort to do sth 努力做某事 In the face of 面对 尽管
Have a beneficial impact on 对 有有益的影响 Unit 14
In parallel 并列的 平行的
While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so. On the fly 运行中 忙碌中
比较级---最高级高频考点
Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter.
Be barrier to 对 障碍
In the free writing, the objective is to get words down on paper non-stop, usually for 15-20 minutes.
Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.
Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely be far better than your current practices.
But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed. (遵守)
Come up with 提出
End up 结束 告终
Draw near 临近 靠近
Back and forth 来回
Run out of 用完 耗尽
原因
There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it ’s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting.
Be fed up with 对 厌烦
in the least 一点儿也不
attribute to 归因于
my every achievement----jobs, research papers, awards---was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures.
On my behalf 以我的名义
On behalf of 代表
Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.
Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
In turn 反过来 反之
Unit 15
If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven ’t heard of the Univeristy of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction.
Hear of
On the basis of
Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is minimized or eliminated altogether.
Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work as they say, in your pajamas.
Account for
Drop out
While drop-out rates for all freshmen at American universities is around 20%, the rate for online students is 35 percent.
Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup.
The more students who enroll in a course but don ’t come to campus, the more the school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms,
paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots.
Enroll in
2
Shortage of
Keep sb occupied
Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories.
As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressures of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.
Live up to 达到预期目的
Rejection slip 退稿附条
Far away 远离
Keep an eye on 留意
Engage in 从事
Take pains 尽力 煞费苦心
Unit 16
But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth ”, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else ’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
Consider the Kyoto Protocol. It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn ’t. But it hasn ’t reduced CO2 emissions and many signatories didn ’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology.
Make commitments to
Be less likely to
Be projected to
Condemn
Modest growth
More than double
Adopt rigid restrictions on
Cut back
Punish
Reduce
Hit target
Dependence on
Deal with
2
Glance through
Find out
Intend to
Equivalent of
Reveal
Boundary
In some cases
Keep a secret
Does that matter
Be concerned about
Slip away
A tiny fraction of
In an effort to
Turn down
Track ---追踪
Surrender to 屈服
Get one’s hands on
At least
Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen —the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.
Without one’s knowledge
Be easily accessed to
Try every means
Look into
Be caught on the spot
Open one’s heart to
Be faithful to
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it ’s important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times.
The digital bread crumbs you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.
But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy.
But privacy does matter —at least sometimes. It’s like health: when you have it, you don ’t notice it. Only when it is gone do you wish
you’d done more to protect it.
Unit 17
If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you’re a survivor.
There are many reasons for this---typically, men take more risks than women and are more likely to drink and smoke---but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.
They only come in when a friend drop dead on the golf course and they think,’Gee, if it could happen to him, …”
Then there is the ostrich approach.” Some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know,” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.
Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than
having to treat the diseases.”
Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, coworkers, strangers---and anyone who will listen.
During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants.
Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers.
Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world.
According to
Die of
On average
Take risks
At least
Compared to
On the golf course
Be scared of
Would rather
Regular check-up
In the long run
Place strain on
Public purse
Average life span
Suffer from
For fear of
Up to
Be disastrous to
Out-of-stock
Most importantly
Parking lot
The rest of
Unit 18
Make the switch
Participate for
Attend to
Be about to
Be aware of
Hunt for
Be on one’s mind
Thanks to
Combined efforts
Lead to
Go far
The January fashion show called FutureFashion, exemplified how far green design has come.
The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.
Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show ….it now counts more than ….this week Wal-Mart ….says Hahn. (p131 first para)
Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer. When asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied,:”not that I am aware of.”
But thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers—one day it will be.
Be made of
The public
A big challenge to
Be readily recognized
At favorable prices
Care about
Be opposed to
Go mainstream
A promising future
Have the final say
Appeal to
2
A strand of
Rely on
Result from
Correspond to
Narrow down
Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand of hair, a teachnique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims.
You are what you eat and drink, and that ’s recorded in your hair.
The heaviest rain falls first. As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah. (美国西部,美国第45个州) 和夏威夷立法反对各种形式的赌博 salt lake city beehive state 蜜蜂窝的州 外形像个蜜蜂窝
加州: 经济最发展,人口最多 美国西部 黄金州
Cerling ’s team collected tap water samples
from 600 cities and constructed a map of the regional differences.
It ’s not good for pinpointing, Cerling said, “it ’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”
Commit crime
Narrow down the possibilities
Under investigation
Have to do with
Vary from
Be indispensable to
A collection of
Unit 19
Focus on
Be fascinated by
I am more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the world ’s attention. And that means for the first time people will have a chance to get up close
and perusal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.
Even in the world of make-believe, black women still can ’t escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by never-married, alcoholic mothers.
Many African-American blogs have written about they’d like to see Michelle bring to the White house ---mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.
Michelle
But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise, confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image that’s been around for far too long. will have to work to please everyone---an impossible task.
Serve as a role model
Present to the world a new image of
Pay attention to the interests of
Be inferior to
Live on
Live up to the high expectations
Behave as
Public figures
Give priority to
The prevailing view
2
Higher education has become a big and competitive business nowadays, and like so many businesses, it ’s gone global. Yet the talent flow isn’t universal. High-level personnel tend to head in only one direction: outward from America.
We did not do any global consideration, says Patricia Hayes, the board ’s chair. The board ultimately picked Bruce Benson, a 69-year-old
Colorado businessman and political activist who is likely to do well in the main task of modern university presidents: fund-raising.
Many European universities, meanwhile, are still mostly dependent on government funding.
In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale ’s financial position”
The globalization of education means more universities will be seeking heads with international experience of some kind to promote international programs and attract a global student body. Foreigners can offer a fresh perspective on established practices.
.
Search for 寻找
Be familiar with 对 熟悉
Raise fund 筹集资金
Rely on 依赖
Be dependent on 依赖 依靠
Fail to 未能
Keep pace with 与 保持一致
Be hungry for 渴求
Join the trend 加入这种趋势
Established practices 习以为常的做法
Be recruited as 被招收为
Under supervision 在 管理之下
Strengthen their position 加强地位
Strengthen their ties 加强关系
Set up 建立
New disciplines 新学科
Unit 20
You never see them, but they are with you every time you fly. They record where you are going, how fast you are travelling and whether
everything on your airplane is functioning normally. Their ability to withstand almost any disaster makes them seem like something out of a comic book. They are known as black box.
The black box is the best bet for identifying what went wrong. (最高级)
Early models often failed to withstand crashes, however, so in 1965 the device was completely redesigned and moved to the rear of the plane---the area least subject to impact---from its original position in the landing wells. (转折+因果)
That same year, the Federal Aviation Authority required that the boxes, which were never actually black, be painted orange or yellow to aid visibility.
Experts believe the boxes from the Air France Flight 447, which crashed near Brazil on June 1,
2009, are in water nearly that deep, but statistics say they’re still likely to turn up.
Subject to
Turn up
Ensure the normal functioning of
Ward off
On board
Distinguish from
Hand sb with care
Conform to
2
Be built on the idea
turn into
Researchers in Canada jut published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
When people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not
better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re underlining his faults.
Those with low self-esteem didn ’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren ’t urged to think positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.
Be praised for
In contrast
Be urged to
Yield
Be based on
Do more harm than good Take sth seriously
Point out
Unit 21
Be willing to
Keep from
Attract one’s attention
A financial burden
Preference for
Academic accomplishments Gear toward
Make up for
Arise from
Take care of
In need
Relieve of
Infer from
Share with
Reduced life span
Be prejudiced against Look down upon
Compete with
Fall out
Get along
Be required to
Without exception
Without regard to
Have to do with
Arouse interest
Deserve one’s attention Be vulnerable to
Give rise to
Draw the attention of Grow up
Place more pressures on Be interested in
In charge
All the more
Resist the temptation of Sacrifice one’s dignity for Put together
Reach agreement on
Maintain a healthy relationship Mean a great deal to Split up
Before unit 13
Be composed of
Be founded on
Take advantage of
Turn a blind eye to
Be allowed to
In the wake of
To a certain extent
Be justified to
Under the threat of
In different ways
Be far from
When it comes to …
A range of
Tell lies
Work out
Make up
Fast reading
Stick to
Facilitate communication
Mutual trust
Break rules
Run into trouble
Make excuses
Watch over one’s shoulder
Be cautious about
In the end
Get caught right away
Pay more dearly
Feel somewhat lucky
In that
Rely on
Lose faith in
As a result of
Live up to the standard
Each and every day
Make choices
Be responsible for
Manage to
Fool into
Watch out for
As well as
Go wrong
Dismiss from
Lose control over
Go wrong
Dismiss from
Lose control over
Impose on
Matters of life and death
Fall in this category
Get away with
Deprive of
As if
Regardless of
Attack on
Work hard for
As a whole
Take a tremendous toll on
Be available to
Pay for
Stake in
Be short of
Appeal to
Come of age
Have a reputation for
Be familiar with
No longer
Room for improvement
Be traced back to 追溯到
Come to an end 结束
Pick up 捡起,获得,拾得
A decent quantity of
Look for 寻找
Get one’s hands on 得到,占有,找到
Prevail for
Prioritization of A over B A 优先于B 的偏好 Be brought up 被抚养
To the point that 到... 程度
Please the tastes of
Make one’s way to 转向,想方设法进入 Keep up 保持,继续
Be responsive to 对。。。敏感
Breathe new life into 给予活力
Remain true to 忠于
In the second camp阵营
Be proud of 自豪,高兴
Depend on ---rely on—be dependent on ---be reliant on 依靠
Be associated with --- 和什么联系在一起
Adapt to 使适应于
Carve up 瓜分,划分
Provide for 提供,供给
Be complementary to 有互补性
Take time 从容应对
细节题---长句难分析: 定位词、考点
推理题---what does the author mean/what can be inferred from the first paragraph/the last paragraph.---最后一句提示你的答案 词汇题—— deterrent ; one-way street; ostrich approach …. 短句出现这些单词 ---短句之后的句子 主旨题---the general idea of the passage
What is the passage mainly about (最具概括性才是答案)
态度题-what ’s the author ’s attitude
toward …positive negative optimistic pessimistic sarcastic neutral
选词填空 (15---10)
语法 词性
动词 名词 形容词 副词
n ns
v ves ved ving
adv
adj
adj
ns
adj
n
n
adj
ved
n
adv
v
v
ns
ved
ns
adv
介词
近义词辨析 Show Suggest Reveal Found 完型填空 词组
近义词辨析
通篇---逻辑关系
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