政府报告常用词汇

建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家 \\ build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country

关系国计民生的大事 \\ matters vital to national well being and the people's livelihood 人民生活水平 \\ quality of life; the living standards

生活费用 \\ cost of living; income maintenance; subsistence cost

生活费收入 \\ income available for cost of living

新生儿死亡率 \\ infant mortality rate; neonatal mortality rate

预期寿命 \\ life expectancy

教育程度 \\ educational status; education received

教育程度比率 \\ educational attainment ratio

失业率 \\ rate of unemployment

过紧日子 \\ tighten one's belt

对口扶贫 \\ provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions

脱贫 \\ lift off poverty; cast off poverty

过温饱生活 \\ live a life at a subsistent level

小康生活 \\ enjoy a fairly comfortable life; be moderately better off

实现小康目标 \\ attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 安居工程 \\ housing project for low-income families

安居小区 \\ a neighborhood for low-income families

物业管理 \\ estate management, property management

复式住宅 \\ compound apartment

福利分房 \\ buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one workswith 加快住房分配货币化进程 \\ capitalization process of housingdistribution/allocation 社会保障 \\ social security

政府主导计划 \\ government-sponsored programs

个人自愿计划 \\ voluntary private plans

医疗保险 \\ medical insurance

伤残保险 \\ disability insurance

失业保险 \\ unemployment insurance

养老保险 \\ retirement insurance

退休基金 \\ pension fund

强制性普及方案 \\ universally compulsory program

面临困境 \\ face adverse conditions

精算界 \\ actuarial profession

精算师 \\ actuaries

对保障方案进行精算评估 \\ Security programs should undergo actuarial review. 裁定保险赔偿 \\ adjudication of benefits

社会保障“三条保障线”制度 \\ social security system of “three guarantees”

国企下岗职工基本生活保障 \\ guarantee of basic cost of living allowancesfor workers laid off from state-owned enterprises

失业保险 \\ guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits

城镇居民最低生活保障 \\ guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents

在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险 \\ Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in

urban areas.

补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金 \\ All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.

提高部分优抚对象抚恤标准 \\ Allowances for certain disabled service men andwomen and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.

带薪分流 \\ assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing themto retain their original rank and benefits

待业人员 \\ job seekers

生活待遇 \\ material amenities

待遇优厚的工作 \\ a well-paid job

定向培训 \\ training for specific posts

岗位培训 \\ on-job training

扫除青壮年文盲 \\ eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people

实现基本普及九年义务教育 \\ The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.

争取实现高等教育大众化 \\ work to make regular higher education accessible tothe majority of young people

推进素质教育 \\ push ahead with education for all-around development

应试教育 \\ examination-oriented education system

创新精神 \\ be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind

211 工程 \\ 211 Project

培养创新精神和实践能力 \\ help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展 \\ ensure that students improve in terms oftheir moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in theirappreciation of aesthetics

切实减轻中小学生过重的课业负担 \\ effectively reduce too heavy homeworkassignments for primary and secondary school students

后勤服务社会化 \\ make logistic services independent in their operation

大力推行个人助学信贷 \\ Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.

招生就业指导 \\ enrolment and vocation guidance

中专生 \\ secondary specialized or technical school student

代培 \\ training-on-contract program

代培生 \\ trainee on contract

在职博士生 \\ on-job doctorate

大专文凭 \\ associate degree (conferred to junior college students)

研究生毕业证/学位证 \\ graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma

积极发展民办教育 \\ Efforts should be made to develop schools not operatedby government education departments.

贵族学校 \\ exclusive school（美）; select school（英）

失学儿童 \\ dropouts

自学成才 \\ self-taught and self-made person; become a qualified professional through self-taught way

行行出状元 \\ Every profession produces its own leading authority.

建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府 \\ build a clean and diligent, pragmatic andefficient government

坚持“两手抓、两手都要硬”的方针 \\ adhere to the principle of “doing two jobsat once and attaching equal importance to each”

高度重视精神文明建设 \\ pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress

深入扎实地开展群众性精神文明创建活动 \\ Extensive public participationactivities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.

文明城市 \\ model city; culturally advanced city; city cited for high moral and cultural standards

社会公德 \\ social morality

有公德心 \\ be civic-minded

职业道德 \\ ethics of profession

家庭美德 \\ family virtues

坚持正确的舆论导向 \\ maintain the correct orientation for public opinion

思想道德建设（思想政治工作） \\ moral education among people

树立正确的价值观、世界观、人生观 \\ help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life

继续开展“扫黄打非”斗争 \\ The fight against pornography, illegal publicationsand piracy shall be continued.

反对迷信 \\ be against superstition

舆论导向 \\ direction of public opinion

舆论监督 \\ supervision by public opinion

加强舆论监督 \\ ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in publicopinion

实行计划生育、控制人口数量、提高人口素质 \\ promote family planning and controlthe population size and improve the health of the people

加强计划生育工作 \\ further improve family planning

努力稳定低生育水平 \\ work to stabilize the low birth rate

人口出生率 \\ birth rate

自然增长率 \\ natural growth rate

人口增长的高峰期 \\ baby boom

人口增长与社会经济发展相协调 \\ try to keep population growth in line withsocial and economic development

计划生育责任制 \\ responsibility system of family planning

搞好优生优育 \\ promote good prenatal and postnatal care

抓好农村和流动人口计划生育管理与服务 \\ devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population

认真贯彻实施中国妇女、儿童发展纲要 \\ The programs for the development of workconcerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.

独生子女 \\ the only child

小家庭 \\ nuclear family

大家庭 \\ extended family

单亲家庭 \\ single parent family

人口老龄化 \\ aging of population

人口年轻化 \\ rejuvenation of population

关心和支持残疾人事业 \\ Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.

关心老龄人 \\ care for senior citizens.

社会治安状况好转 \\ see an improved law-and-order situation

恶性犯罪 \\ major crimes

破案率 \\ rate of solved criminal cases

戒毒所 \\ drug rehabilitation center

政府工作报告常用词汇（二）

保险业 \\ The insurance industry

保证重点支出 \\ Ensure funding for priority areas

被兼并或挤掉 \\ annexed or forced out of business

补发拖欠的养老金 \\ Clear up pension payments in arrears

不良贷款 \\ Non-performing loan

层层转包和违法分保 \\ Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

产值 \\ output value

城乡信用社 \\ Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas

城镇居民最低生活保障 \\ A minimum standard of living for city residents

城镇职工医疗保险制度 \\ The system of medical insurance for urban workers

抽样调查 \\ data from the sample survey

出口信贷 \\ Export credit

初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制

to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy

贷款质量 \\ Loan quality

贷款质量五级分类办法 \\ The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二产业 \\ secondary industry

第三产业 \\ tertiary industry

第一产业 \\ primary industry

独资企业 \\ wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise

发电量 \\ electric energy production

发挥市场的调节作用 \\ to give play to the regulatory role of the market

发展过快 \\ excessive growth

防范和化解金融风险 \\ Take precautions against and reduce financial risks

防洪工程 \\ Flood-prevention project

非法外汇交易 \\ Illegal foreign exchange transaction

非公有成分 \\ non-public sectors

非贸易收汇 \\ Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels

非银行金融机构 \\ Non-bank financial institutions

费改税 \\ Transform administrative fees into taxes

分配形式 \\ forms of distribution

风险资金 \\ risk funds

副业 \\ sideline production

改革是“社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展”。

Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."

改革重点转移到城市 \\ the focus of reform is shifted to the cities

改善经济环境 \\ improve economic environment

搞活企业 \\ invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises

各尽所能，按劳/需分配

from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs

跟踪审计 \\ Follow-up auditing

工程监理制度 \\ The monitoring system for projects

公有制 \\ public ownership

鼓励 \\ give incentive to

管理不善 \\ poor management

国际收支 \\ international balance of payments

国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。

The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.

国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设

The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.

国民生产总值 \\ GNP (Gross National Product)

国内生产总值 \\ GDP (Gross Domestic Product)

国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。

The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.

国有资产安全 \\ The safety of state-owned assets

过度开垦 \\ Excess reclamation

合同管理制度 \\ The contract system for governing projects

合资企业 \\ joint venture

合作企业 \\ cooperative enterprise

和平演变 \\ peaceful evolution

宏观控制 \\ exercise macro-control

机电产品 \\ Electromechanical products

积极的财政政策 \\ Pro-active fiscal policy

基本生活费 \\ Basic allowances

基石 \\ cornerstone

计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 \\ a mechanism that combines planned economy and

market regulation

家庭联产责任承包制 \\ family-contract responsibility system

结售汇制度 \\ The system of exchange settlement and sales

解除劳动关系 \\ Sever labor relations

解放生产力 \\ liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces

金融监管责任制 \\ The responsibility system for financial supervision

经济安全 \\ Economic security

经济和法律的杠杆 \\ economic and legal leverages

经济计划和市场调节相结合 \\ to combine economic planning with market regulation 经济结构改革。 \\ reform in economic structure

经营机制 \\ operative mechanism

精华、精粹、实质 \\ quintessence

举措 \\ move

靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 \\ To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物价上涨部分 \\ price increase are deducted (excluded)

扩大国内需求 \\ The expansion of domestic demand

拉动经济增长 \\ Fuel economic growth

厉行节约，反对浪费 \\ to practice strict economy and combat waste

粮食仓库 \\ Grain depot

粮食收储企业 \\ Grain Collection and storage enterprise

粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 \\ Closed operation of grain purchase funds

粮食销售市场 \\ Grain sales market

劣质工程 \\ Shoddy engineering

林业 \\ forestry

零售 \\ retail

流通制度 \\ circulation system

乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 \\ Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines

农业 \\ farming

骗汇、逃汇、套汇

Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

取消国家对农产品的统购统销

to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products

全民所有制 \\ ownership by the entire/whole people

全体会议 \\ plenary session

人均国民生产总值 \\ per capita GNP

人均收入 \\ per capita income

融资渠道 \\ Financing channels

善于接受的 \\ receptive

商品经济 \\ commodity economy

商业信贷原则 \\ The principles for commercial credit

社会保险机构 \\ Social security institution

社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.

社会主义集体所有制 \\ socialist collective ownership

社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。

The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.

生产关系 \\ relations of production

生产力 \\ productive forces

生产资料 \\ means of production

生活资料 \\ means of livelihood/subsistence

剩余劳动力 \\ surplus labor

失业保险金 \\ Unemployment insurance benefits

实际增长率 \\ actual growth rate

实事求是 \\ seek truth from facts

实在的 \\ tangible

使负担 \\ be saddled with

试一下 \\ have a go (at sth.)

输入活力 \\ bring vigor into

私有制 \\ private ownership

随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。

As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.

偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 \\ Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes

投入 \\ input

外汇收支 \\ Foreign exchange revenue and spending

外资企业 \\ foreign-funded enterprise

我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。

The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.

畜牧业 \\ animal husbandry

要人们警惕右和“左”的影响，特别是“左”的根深蒂固的影响。

to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.

一个中心、两个基本点 \\ one central task and two basic points

以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放

thecentral task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.

引进、输入 \\ importation

引入歧途 \\ lead one to a blind alley

营业发达的公司 \\ going concerns

优化经济结构 \\ optimize the economic structure

有色金属 \\ nonferrous metals

有效地控制通货膨胀 \\ effectively control inflation

渔业 \\ fishing

增额、增值、增长 \\ increment

整顿经济秩序 \\ rectify economic order

中国要警惕右，但更要防“左”。

China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left" deviation.

逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。

to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.

主要成分 \\ dominant sector

资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。

Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.

总工资 \\ total wages

从紧货币政策 tight monetary policy

稳健财政政策 prudent fiscal policy

宏观经济调控 macroeconomic regulation

政府（government ）临时调控 government interim intervention

经济增长模式 mode of economic development

固定资产投资反弹 a resurgence in fixed asset investment

货币信贷投放仍然然偏多 continued excessive supplies of money and credit

流动性过剩 excessive liquidity

转型过程 transformation process

行政手段 administrative measures

螺旋式通胀 spiraling inflation

通胀压力 inflationary pressure

抑制通胀to hold down inflation

次贷危机 subprime crisis

经济剧烈波动 drastic fluctuations in the economy

经济过热 economic overheating

防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating

促进结构调整和协调发展 to promote structural adjustment and balanced development

减轻弱势群体承担 ease the burden on the disadvantaged group

增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深入改革（reformation ）等方面的支出 to increase expenditures necessary "to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform"

作为中国（china ）政治体制改革（reformation ）重要组成部分成的政府（government ）机构改革（reformation ）已正式（officially ）拉开序幕。政府（government ）机构改革（reformation ）是深入经济体制改革（reformation ）、促进经济和社会(Community)发展的迫切必须，是国家（country ）领导制度改革（reformation ）的重要内容，也是密切政府（government ）同人民群众联系的客观要求。

China ’s government restructuring campaign, an important part of political reform in China, has been formally staged. Restructuring government institutions is urgently needed to deepen the economic restructuring and promote economic and social development in China. It constitutes an important aspect of the reform of the state leadership system and a necessity in bringing the government closer to the people.

现有政府（government ）机构开设的基本框架，是在计划经济体制的条件下逐步形成的。虽然自改革（reformation ）开放以来进行过几次调整和改革（reformation ），取得一些（some ）进展，但因为历史(History)条件限制和宏观环境(Environment)制约，很多问题（problem ）未能得到根本性的解决，机构开设同社会(Community)主义市场经济发展的矛盾日益突出。这些问题（problem ）突出表现在以下几个方面：

The basic framework of current government institutions was formed gradually during the time when the country’s economy was predominantly a planned one. Although China has adjusted and reformed government institutions on many occasions and made some progress in government restructuring since its implementation of reform and opening policies, many problems have not been fundamentally solved due to the restrictions imposed by historical conditions and general environment. Consequently, the incompatibilities of government institutions to the development of a socialist market economy have become increasingly apparent. The following problems are most conspicuous in this regard:

第一，政府（government ）机构重叠庞大，人浮于事的现象严重，这不仅仅滋生官僚主义和文牍主义，赞同贪污腐败和不正之风，也给国家（country ）财政造成了严重的承担。

First, a bloated size and unwieldy organization of government institutions with overlapping functions and serious overstaffing have given rise to bureaucracy and red tape, bred corruption, promoted unhealthy practices, and created a heavy financial burden on the state.

第二，政企不分成，政府（government ）直接（direnctly ）干预企业的生产经营活动，不能形成科学决策的投资体制，容易造成责任（responsibility ）不清和决策失误（mistake ），难以发挥市场在资源（resource ）配置中的基础作用。

Second, the functions of the government fail to be separated from those of enterprises. The government often has a direct hand in the operation of enterprises, which makes it difficult to

establish an investment system based on scientific decision making, but easy to lead to non-accountability and wrong decision making. Consequently, the market can hardly play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources.

第三，政府（government ）主要依靠行政手段来管理经济和社会(Community)事务，很多本来应该使用法律手段，或者通过社会(Community)中介机构组织来处理的事务，却通过设立政府（government ）机构加以管理，使政府（government ）承担过重。

Third, the government manages economic and social affairs mainly through administrative means. Many of the matters that should have otherwise been dealt with by legislation or through social intermediate organizations are managed by extra government departments, thus creating extra responsibilities for the government.

这次机构改革（reformation ）的目标是按发展社会(Community)主义市场经济的要求，根据精简 、统一、效能的原则(Principle)，转变政府（government ）职能，建立办事高效、运转协调、行为规范的行政管理体系，改善公务员制度，建立高素质和专业化行政管理干部队伍。改革（reformation ）的重点是调整和撤销那些直接（direnctly ）管理经济的专业部门，加强宏观调控和执法监管部门。我们要按权责一致的要求，调整部门的权责权限，明确划分成部门之间的职责分成工，改善行政运行机制。

We will carry out this reform in accordance with the requirements for developing a socialist market economy and by following the principle of simplification, uniformity and efficiency. We will shift the functions of the government and separate them from those of enterprises so as to establish a highly efficient, well-coordinated and standardized administrative system. We will improve the system of public servants, building a contingent of administrators who are highly competent and professionally specialized. The reform will focus on reorganizing or canceling departments directly in charge of economic management, and on reinforcing macro-control departments as well as those that enforce the law and supervise law enforcement. In accordance with the requirements of integrating power with responsibility, we should readjust and reduce the responsibilities of various departments of the government and improve its administrative operating mechanism.

所有政府（government ）机关及其工作人员都必须仔细实行国家（country ）的法律、法规和政策。各级领导干部都要依法行政，忠实履行我自己的职责，勤政廉政，提高办事效率。

All government institutions and functionaries must implement state laws, decrees and policies. Leading cadres at all levels should faithfully perform their official duties according to law as industrious, honest and efficient administrators.

以人为本的社会(Community) people-first society

廉租房 low-rent house

廉租房项目（program ）low-rent housing program

经济适用房 economically affordable house

二手房 resold apartment

小型和中型不动产small and medium-sized condominiums

中低收入家庭（family ） low- and middle-income families

高收入家庭（family ） high-income families

中等收入阶层 middle-income bracket

房地产real estate

多渠道解决住房问题（problem ） an integrated effort to solve housing problems

保持社会(Community)固定 to maintain social stability

城市贫穷人口urban poor

低收入城市居民的住房困难housing difficulties of low-income urban residents

增加“两限房”供给 to increase supply of reasonably priced housing

抑制高端房产必须 to curb demand for high-end housing

防止房价过热 to prevent overheating in housing prices

囤积和投机土地和房地产 to hoard and speculate land and houses

次贷危机 subprime crisis

严厉打击非法（non-legal ）用工 to severely punish illegal employment

加强劳动争议处理 to improve the handling of labor disputes

加强劳动保障监察 to improve oversight for worker protection measures

就业促进法Employment Promotion Law

劳动合同（contract ）法Labor Contract Law

城镇登记失业率 registered urban unemployment rate

不断地鼓励(Encourage)创业 to encourage business startups

公共就业服务体系 public employment service system

改善再就业扶持政策 to improve the aid system for job seekers

“零就业”家庭（family ） zero-employment families

就业机会（opportunity ）(Opportunity) employment opportunities

非农产业(Industry) nonagricultural sectors

失业保险制度 unemployment insurance system

劳动力总量大增 a large increase in the total workforce

支持创办小型企业 to support citizens to establish small enterprises

不断地鼓励(Encourage)自谋职业和自主创业to encourage people to find jobs on their own or start their own businesses

加强就业和创业培训 to strengthen vocational training and training in how to start a business

城乡劳动者平等就业制度 an employment system that treats urban and rural workers equally

落实促进残疾人就业政策 to carry out policies to find more jobs for people with physical and mental disabilities

建立帮助零就业家庭（family ）解决就业困难长效机制 to create a permanent mechanism to help zero-employment families find jobs

通过加强就业和创业培训，不断地鼓励(Encourage)自谋职业和自主创业，以及支持创办小型企业来增大就业 to expand employment "by encouraging and training business start-ups, strengthening job training, encouraging people to find jobs on their own, and supporting the establishment of small enterprise

米袋子”工程 "rice bag" (grain supply) program

“菜篮子”工程 "vegetable basket" (non-staple food supply) program

物价上涨 price hike

价格过度上涨 excessive price hikes

消费者价格指数 Consumer Price Index (CPI)

生产者价格指数 Producer Price Index

稳健的财政政策 prudent fiscal policy

从紧的货币政策 tight monetary policy

固定资产投资 fixed asset investment

资源（resource ）商品价格改革（reformation ） price revisions of resource products

助力价格上涨的压力 upward pressure on prices

增加有效供给 to increase effective supply

抑制过度必须 to curb excessive demand

非常受关注话题 topics of most concern

社会(Community)保障 social security

低收入人群 low-income population

进一步增大内需和消费 to further expand domestic demand and consumption

固定价格防止经济过热 to stabilize prices and prevent the economy from overheating

旧式的、依靠投资和出口拉动经济增长的模式old practice of relying on investment and exports for economic growth

正确把握宏观调控的节奏、重点和力度 to maintain an appropriate pace, focus and intensity in macroeconomic controls

加强粮食、食用植物油、肉类等基本生活必备品生产 to boost the production of daily necessities such as grain, vegetable oil and meat

提高牵扯到人身健康和安全商品的生产许可条件和市场准入门槛 to raise the requirements for production permits and tighten market access for products related to people's health and safety

从紧货币政策 tight monetary policy

稳健财政政策 prudent fiscal policy

宏观经济调控 macroeconomic regulation

政府（government ）临时调控 government interim intervention

经济增长模式 mode of economic development

固定资产投资反弹 a resurgence in fixed asset investment

货币信贷投放仍然然偏多 continued excessive supplies of money and credit

流动性过剩 excessive liquidity

转型过程 transformation process

行政手段 administrative measures

螺旋式通胀 spiraling inflation

通胀压力 inflationary pressure

抑制通胀to hold down inflation

次贷危机 subprime crisis

经济剧烈波动 drastic fluctuations in the economy

经济过热 economic overheating

防止经济过热to prevent the economy from overheating

促进结构调整和协调发展 to promote structural adjustment and balanced development

减轻弱势群体承担 ease the burden on the disadvantaged group

增加对薄弱环节、改善民生、深入改革（reformation ）等方面的支出 to increase expenditures necessary "to shore up weak links, improve people's lives and deepen reform"

国有企业 state owned enterprises (SOEs)

主要产业(Industry) core business

税收贡献（contribution ） tax contributions

民航 civil aviation

所有制结构 ownership structure

发展大型粮食基地 to develop large grain production bases

国有资产所有权转移 transferring ownership of state-owned assets

改善所有制结构 to improve ownership structure

实行政策性关闭破产 to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies

建立国有资本(Capital)经营预算制度 to set up a budget system for managing state capital

国有企业资产总额 the total value of assets of state owned enterprises (SOEs)

国有资产管理体制改革（reformation ） reform of the management system for state-owned assets

国有经济布局与结构调整 adjustment of the distribution and structure of the state sector

建立和改善国有资产出资人制度 to set up and improved a system for investors of state assets

引入国有企业股份制 to institute a stockholding system in SOEs

邮政体制改革（reformation ） reform of the postal service system

振兴老工业基地战略 strategy of rejuvenating the old industrial bases

国有企业改革（reformation ）改组改造 reforming, reorganizing and upgrading SOEs

深入国有企业股份制改革（reformation ） to deepen the reform to convert SOEs into stockholding corporations

加强公司化管理 to improve corporate governance

实行政策引导关闭和破产 to carry out policy-mandated closures and bankruptcies

加快资源（resource ）枯竭型城市经济转型 to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation

增大建立国有资产管理预算系统试点 to expand the experiment of setting up a budget system for managing state capital

引入竞争，加强政府（government ）管理和公共监督，深入垄断企业改革（reformation ） to deepen the reform of monopoly industries by introducing competition and strengthening government regulation and public supervision

严格国有资产转化为股份制企业的标准（standard ）程序 to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies

资源（resource ）型城市经济转型试点 to transform the economies of cities dependent on resource exploitation

严格规范国有企业改制和国有产权转让，防止国有资产流失to strictly standardize procedures for transforming SOEs into stock companies and for transferring ownership of state-owned assets to prevent their erosion

主辅分成离，辅业改制 to separate SOE's secondary businesses from their core businesses and covert the former into independent companies

政府（government ）机构重组 government bodies realigning

大部门体制 super-ministries system

服务型政府（government ）service-oriented government

公共资源（resource ）管理 management of public resources

行政权力监督 institutional supervision on the exercise of power

提高政府（government ）工作透明度to increase transparency of government affairs

旗帜鲜明地反对腐败 to strongly voice against corruption

财政转移支付 to transfer payments

政府（government ）采购 government procurement

土地和矿产资源（resource ）开发development of land and mineral resources

国有资产转让 transfer of state-owned assets

群众反映强烈的问题（problem ） people's pressing concerns

食品药品安全 food and drug safety

安全生产 workplace safety

土地征收征用 land acquisition and expropriation

房屋拆迁 housing demolition

职责交叉、权责脱节 overlapping responsibilities and powers not being matched by responsibilities

合理配置宏观调控部门职能 to appropriately divide responsibilities among departments that exercise macroeconomic regulation

调整和改善行业管理机构to adjust and improve bodies in charge of industrial management

加强社会(Community)管理和公共服务部门to improve departments responsible for public administration and public services

权力过分成集中和缺少制约的问题（problem ） the problems of excessive concentration of power and lack of checks on power