高中定语从句知识结构图解

图解定语从句

概念:定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任,

也可以由一个句子来充当,充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。

①指的先行词

先行词: 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词②指物的先行词

★ 先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。

先行词 (which替代前面所叙述的事情)

替代前面的先行词 (替代作用)

关系词的作用② 连接主句和定语从句 (连接作用)

③ 在定语从句中作句子成分(成分作用)

定语从句

:

标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类

关系词的分类关系代词:在从句中做 主,宾,表,定

(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)

关系副词:在从句中作状语

(When/where/why)

⒊ 定语从句:用来做定语,修饰限定先行词的句子。

定语从句② 的分类先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)

比较:

(He has only two sons.)

(Perhaps he has two more sons)

定语从句几个难点

①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语

She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before.

(可以省略whom/that)

②关系代词在定语从句中作表语

⒈关系代词的省略 He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be.

(可以省略that)

限定性定语从句③ 关系代词作介词宾语,介词在从句句尾时可以省略

比较: Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.

Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.

(此时只能用which且不能省略)

① 以疑问词who开头的句子中

② 关系代词在从句中作表语时

用that的情况

③ 先行词被the very, the right, the only修饰

⒉先行词是人

that/who的区别 one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等

have to wait at the gate of the school.

②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,

另外一个用who

用who的情况

③在there be 结构中

.

④ 在非限定性定语从句当中

①在非限定性定语从句中.

②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.

is Jack’s.

用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,

一个关系词用that,另一个用which.

①先行词是不定代词如all, little, few, much,

⒊先行词是物 anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等

that / which

的区别 ②先行词被all, every, no, some, little, much,

the only,the very, the right等所修饰时

③先行词中既有人又有物时

She described in her compositions the people and

用that的情况

④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the first film ⑤定语从句中套定语从句,其中一个关系词以用which,

另外一个用that

⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that

①As 既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定

句中充当主语,宾语,表语等。 常用于以下句型当中

★ Such/so….. as…. 像…..一样

the same …. as… 和…...同样的

⒋As引导定语

从句的用法②引导非限制性定语从句。表示说话人的看法,态度,评论等。

此时译为 可以放在句首,句中或句末。

As I remember, there were a net bar here.

Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.

★the same as...和the same that...引导定语从句的区别

(同一事物)

(同类事物)

①When 在定语从句中做时间状语,先行词为表示时间的time, day等

I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.(when=on which)

②Where 在定语从句中做地点状语,先行词为表地点的place, spot等

Can you tell me the office where he works? (where = in which)

③Why 在定语从句中做原因状语,先行词只有reason.

⒌关系副词

的运用 ★ ★case(情形),

situation, position(位置),stage (阶段),point(地步)等

What are the situations 在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式(此时where = in which)

① way that / in which / 不填

The way 比较: The way way在定语中作tell的宾语)

time表示“次数”时,用关系代词that引导定语从句

⒍几个特殊 ②先行词time 的先行词 time作“一段时间” 讲时,应用关系副词when

(★此时when = during which 在..期间)

③先行词reason4种引导方式

why/for which/that/ This is the reason

比较:Is this the reason

(★reason 在定语从句中做explain的宾语)

介词+which(指物) 介词+whom(指人)

★该结构介词的选用原则:

① 根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配

This is the book on which I spent $ 8.

This is the book for which I paid $ 8.

② 根据现行词的搭配习惯

I remember the days during which I lived there.

I remember the day on which I graduated from university.

⒎介词+关系代词③ 根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定

The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen. ④ 英语中为了强调某一名词,不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。

Here is the money with which to buy the piano.

She is the right person on whom to depend.

注意:Ⅰ如果介词后移,关系代词可以省略

Ⅱ有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如

look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等 This is the baby that you will look after.

①当先行词是 one of + 复数名词,定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式

every year. ⒏定语从句 的主谓一致②当先行词是 the only + one of +复数名词,从句谓语用单数形式

③ 先行词如果是整个句子,定语从句的谓语动词用单数

Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.

He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.

定语从句可以转换为 –ing或-ed形式

⒐定语从句的 转化

①判断从句是否为定语从句 (先行词,关系词,定语从句)

②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分 (主、宾、表、定、状)

10.定语从句的 从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词

解题方法 例:Is this the museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?

A. where B. that C. on which D. what

I’d like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.

Ⅱ.That引导定语从句,名词性从句 和 强调句型的区别

定语从句中的that: 关系代词,在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。

名词性从句中的that: 从属连词,只起连接主从句的作用,在从句中不做句子成分。 强调句中的that, 运用于it is/was…that..结构;判断标准:去掉强调句型结构,成分仍然完整。

比较

(that 引导定语从句)

(that和前面的it is构成强调句型)

(that 引导名词性从句--同位语从句)

(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)

(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)

(that 引导名词性从句--表语从句)


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