代词的分类和用法

三、反身代词 某某自己

反身代词主要有:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself,themselves 。

1. 作宾语。表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或同一些人。如:

Would you please look after yourself when I am away?

2. 作表语。如:

The girl in news is myself.

3. 作主语或宾语的同位语。表示亲自或本人。如:

I myself cooked supper. = I cooked supper myself.(作主语同位语)

You should ask your mother herself. (作宾语同位语)

注意:

A. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。如:

我自己开车。

(误) Myself drove the car.

(正) I myself drove the car.

B. 反身代词必须和它们所强调反身的成分在“数”、“人称”和“格”等方面保持一致。如:

We met Li Ming himself on the playground. We told him the good news.

Help yourselves to some cookies, children.

C. 反身代词一般无所有格形式,也不能放在of 短语(表示所属)后,表示“某人自己的”可用one's own表示。如:

I'd like to have a car of my own.

四、不定代词

大多数不定代词既可用作名词,又可用作形容词。它们可以用来代替不确定的人或事物,或表示不确定的数量。

从形态上看,不定代词可以分为两类:

①all, another, any, both, each, either, enough, (a) few, (a) little, many, much, neither, none, one, other, some等,它们通常可以和of 短语连用;

②由“every / some / any / no + -one / body /-thing”构成的复合代词。

中考中易考查的不定代词:

neither, none, no one

⑴ neither表示“(两者)都不;(两者中)没有一个”。如:

I like neither books. = I don't like either book.

② 用作代词,常接of 短语。如:

Neither of the twins likes reading books.

⑵ none和no one都表示“(三者或更多者中)谁也不;一个也不”,但用法上稍有不同。

no one只用来指人,其后一般不接of 短语。如: No one is away.

none 既可指人又可指物,通常后接of 短语。none 用作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。如:

None of us went fishing yesterday.

I have read none of his books.

another, other, the other(s)

⑴ another表示泛指,既可用作形容词又可用作代词。它有两个含义:

① 表示“又一(个);又一些”。如:

We need another four desks. = We need four more desks.

② 表示“另外的(人、物);别的(人、物)”。如:

This coat doesn't fit me. Can you show me another (one)?

⑵ other表示泛指,后面可以接单数或复数名词, 用作形容词时意为“其他的;别的”,常与no, any, some等词连用来修饰名词。如:

I can't help you. You can ask other students for help.

⑶ the other(s)用作形容词时,后接单数名词,意为“(两者中)另一个”;后接复数名词,意为“剩下的;其余的”。如:

Put away this sock. Where is the other one?

There are only ten students in the classroom. Where are the others?

复合不定代词作主语时常视为单数第三人称。 当形容词修饰这些复合不定代词时,形容词常后置。如: There's nothing new in today's newspaper.

五、指示代词:

this / these指较近的人

或物或后面谈到的事; that / those 指较远的人或物或前面提到过的事;

打电话时,that 问对方是谁,this 用来介绍自

己;

it 和one 均可指上文提到过的名词,it 指同类同物,one 指同类异物。it 还可指时间、季节、气候、距离、情况或作形式主语和形式宾语。

六、疑问代词: 常用what, which, who, whose, whom 引导特殊疑问句。

七、关系代词: 主要有who, that, which, whom, whose等,常用来引导定语从句


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