不定式的特殊用法小结

不定时的用法

to do 的其它用法：

1. 时态和语态形式 to do/to be done/to be doing/to have done/to have been done/to have been doing

(1) 一般式表动作通常与谓语动词所表动作同时或在其后发生; 进行式表动作与谓语动作同

时进行；完成式表动作发生在谓语动作之前; pretend / believe /say/seem/happen/prove/plan/hope/expect/should like/would like + to have done 表未曾实现的行为; 完成进行式表动作在谓语动作之前已开始并一直进行着，到说话时为止，该动作可能停止，也可能还在继续。

People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.

The children pretended to be reading aloud when the teacher came in.

I didn’t expect you to be waiting for me so long.

The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported to have broken. the world record in the 110- metre hurdle race.

He’s said to have written a new novel.

I would like to have had your help.

I hoped to have seen her .

He planned to have gone abroad.

He was said to have been living in New York for twenty years.

(1) 主动式表逻辑主语为不定式动作的执行者； 被动式表逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者。

I hope to finish reading the book tonight.

We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.

2. to do 的主动表被动

(1) to do 作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时又和句子主语构成主谓关系。

I have a lot of papers to deal with.

(2) be + 性质adj. + to do .

easy/hard/difficult/interesting/heave/pleasant/comfortable/safe/dangerous/impossible Tom is pleasant to work with.

This book is difficult to understand.

I like getting up very early in summer.

The morning air is so good to breathe.

(2) be + let /blame/ seek

It seemed that water was to blame.

The cause isn’t far to seek.

The house is to let.

(3) wh- + to do

I had no idea who to turn to for help the time I lost.

How to divide labor among them is still a question.

(5) there be + 主语 + to do 中，当强调某人完成某事时用主动形式；当强调某事必须被完成用被动形式。

There’s many work to do. (sb. has to do the work. )/ to be done.(the work has to be done.)

3. to do 的逻辑主语是其所表动作的承受者时用被动。

It’ an honor for me to be invited to the party.

The books and magazines aren’t allowed to be taken out of the reading room.

I wanted the letter to be typed at once

She asked to be assigned to do a heavy job.

4. 如果逻辑主语没出现，只要意义是被动的，to do仍用被动。

It’s great honor to be elected a delegate to the Party.

To be attacked by the enemy isn’t a bad thing but a good thing.

5. to do中动词的省略，只保留to .

(1) to do作某些动词的宾语时：当作宾语的不定式再次出现时，为避免重复，只留to.

afford/ agree/ expect/ forget/ hate/ hope/ intend/ mean/ plan/ prefer/ refuse/ try/ want/ wish/ would like/ love/ care

e.g. We would not only be able to travel around the world, but also go to study in any world

famous university we want to.

Would you like to go shopping with us?

I prefer not to. /I would like to ./ I would love to./ No, but I plan to.

(2) be going to /be to /have to /ought to /used to /be able to /mean to

He didn’t like fish but he used to.

I didn’t mean to take a taxi, but I had to as I was late.

He wanted to go but he wasn’t able to.

I’m going to Beijing next week , what about you ? I’m going to.

(3) to do 作某些动词的宾补时：ask/persuade/wish/allow/permit/tell/expect/force/invite/beg

She’s very strict – we don’t dare to say a word unless she asks us to.

(4) to do 在表“急于，乐于，担心”等adj.后作状语时。

---Would you go to visit the Great Wall with us ?

---Yes, I’m glad to. / delighted to. /pleased to./happy to.

(5) to be / to have 中保留动词。

- Hasn’t he finished writing the report?

- No, but he ought to have.

Are you a driver? No, but I used to be.

Are you on holiday? No., but I’d like to be.

6. 省略 to

(1) 主语中含do的形式，作表语的不定式省略to .

The first thing I do every morning is take plenty of exercise.

What I choose to do is live in peace in the country.

(2) 在介词except/but/other than 前有do的某种形式，介词后的不定式省略to. 否则带to. In my spare time, I usually do nothing but enjoy music.

There’s nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.

There’s no choice but to act on his advice.

(3) 省略to的句型：

Had better (not ) do/ would rather do / cannot but do / do nothing but do / can’t choose but do/ Can’t help but do/ can’t but/ would sooner do···than do/why (not ) do/

He cannot but agree.

He would rather die than surrender.

(4) like/wish/want/choose/prefer/please/love/hate/plan/try/hope 用在以if/unless/as/when/as long

as 引导的从句中。

You can do whatever you want ( to) .

You shouldn’t come in unless asked to (to) .

(5) 在某些情况下，如果省略名词后的不定式则可省略to.

I’d like to do it now. but I haven’t got the time (to ) .

Tom will never miss school without reason, he hasn’t got the courage (to ).

I’ll come as soon as I have got a chance (to) .

(6) 当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起，由and/or连接时，除第一个外，其余省略to . He told me to finish my work and (to) hand it in.

It’s for you to decide whether to stay or (to) leave.

I’d like to lie down and go to sleep.