语言学考试试题

语言学考试资料

第一部分 选择题

I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)

1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,

it is said to be ___.

A 、 prescriptive B 、 sociolinguistic

C 、 descriptive D 、 psycholinguistic

2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.

A 、 mouth B 、 lips

C 、 tongue D 、 vocal cords

3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.

A 、 bound morpheme B 、 bound form

C 、 inflectional morpheme D 、 free morpheme

4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause.

A 、 coordinator B 、 particle

C 、 preposition D 、 subordinator 主从连词

5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A 、 is synonymous with B 、 is inconsistent with

C 、 entails D 、 presupposes

6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.

A 、 semantics B 、 pragmatics

C 、 sociolinguistics D 、 psycholinguistics

7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization 泛化.

A 、 elaboration B 、 simplification 精简

C 、 external borrowing D 、 internal borrowing

8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A 、 Lingua franca通用语 B 、 Creole

C 、 Pidgin D 、 Standard language标准语言

9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A 、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus角回

B 、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C 、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D 、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.

A 、 learning B 、 competence

C 、 performance D 、 acquisition

第二部分 非选择题

II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the

letter given. (1%×10=10%)

11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k of the rules of his language.

12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .

13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.

15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.

16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to

something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.

17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c .

18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".

19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which is called the c period for first language acquisition.

20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother

tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.

III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each

statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you think so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)

()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.

()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in both

Chinese and English.

()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings

of its components.

()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.

()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects

such as British English and American English but cannot be found within

the variety itself, for example, within British English or American

English.

()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated

and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational

implicatures arise.

()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spoken today also includes languages that are not Indo-European.

()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speech situations known as domains.

()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,

speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.

()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their first

language.

IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×10=30%)

31、duality

32、diachronic linguistics

33、broad transcription

34、morphological rules

35、phrase structure rule

36、relational opposites

37、componential analysis

38、context

39、euphemism

40、brain lateralization

V. Answer the following questions. (10%×2=20%)

41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples in English for illustration.

42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.