高考英语作文评分方式

高考作文采用总体评分方式，评分标准集中在四个方面：

1.覆盖所有内容要点；

2.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇；

3.在使用复杂结构或高级词汇时允许有些许错误；

4.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，全文结构紧凑。

2001年考题：

假设你是李华,你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担, 来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。

周末活动 （减负前） 周末活动：（减负后）

白天： 上课，做作业 白天： 餐馆博物馆，学习电脑，绘画

晚上： 做作业 晚上： 看新闻，读书，看报

就寝时间： 11：30 就寝时间： 10：00

3．生词： 减轻学习负担—reduce learning load

Dear Dick，

How nice to hear from you again…….

当年大部分考生只是对图表进行了简单的翻译，导致文章异常单调、重复，分数很不理想。如何才能在简单的内容上运用较复杂的句型词汇呢？考生在写“减负前”的情况时只会简单地写: I always had classes and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I often went to bed at 11:30. 这无异于简单机械地翻译中文！得分可想而知！ 其实考生完全可以使用学过的比较复杂的句型语法结构。例如我们可以使用too…to句型：I was too busy having classes and doing homework at weekends to go to bed before 11:30. 我们也可以使用定语从句: I used to spend whole weekends attending classes and doing homework, which often kept me up until 11:30 at night. 我们还可以使用倒装句：Not until 11:30 PM could I go to bed because I had to finish my homework after having lessons by day. 或者：So busy was I attending classes and doing homework that I could not go to sleep before 11:30 at night. 我们甚至还可以使用拟人手法：Weekends used to find me attending school and doing homework.

由此读者可以看出：高分和低分的作文的区别主要体现在语言形式方面。故考生努力的方向就应该是有意识地，恰当地使用比较复杂的句型语法和词汇。读者应先培养这种意识，然后进行大量练习。下面的练习重点训练的就是句型词汇和有效连接，请读者不要进行简单的翻译，而是通读上下文，尽量多地使用复杂多样的句型词汇。

根据2001年考题填空。

Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you again.

1.过去______________, I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didn’t go to bed until 11:30.

2.连接词______________, nowadays, I have more time做我想做的

_______________________________________________________________. 周末变得更加丰富多彩了

_________________________________________________________________.

3.白天___________________________, I often visit museums or 学电脑及绘画____________________________________________________.

使用拟人句

_________________________________________________________________.

4.In the evening,使用either…or句型

_________________________________________________________________.

5.而且________________________________________________, I go to bed/sleep earlier than before—at ten o’clock.

6.发挥一句I hope

__________________________________________________________________. 参考答案：

1．过去In the past , I used to have classes all day and do homework at night. And I didn’t go to bed until 11:30.

2．连接词Fortunately/ However, nowadays, I have more time 做我想做的to do what I desire/like/ choose/ want/ prefer/am fond of .周末更加丰富多彩了the weekends have become more interesting/fun/ less tiring/ no longer study-centered/ exam-oriented .

3．白天In the daytime/ during the day, I often visit museums or 学电脑及绘画learn computer and drawing/go to computer and drawing lessons.

使用拟人句 Daytime finds me visiting museums or learning computer and drawing.

4.In the evening, 使用either…or句型I can either watch news reports or read newspapers and books.

5.而且What is more/In addition/ Besides/ More importantly, I go to bed/sleep earlier than before—at ten o’clock.

6.发挥一句I hope things won’t have to change in the future/ can become even

better/ the learning load could be further reduced. I hope you are also enjoying pleasant weekends now.

高考英语任务型写作训练（三）

写作内容：

1、以约30个词概括短文的要点；

2、发表你的看法，提出几条遏制电脑游戏的建议并解释理由。

1）通过教育手段让学生意识到电脑游戏的危害；

2）通过检查手段督促网吧经营商合法经营；

3）通过法律手段管制游戏开发商开发对青少年有危害的游戏。

It can be seen that some students are addicted to computer games， and the number of them is keeping rising. They always spare their learning time to play computer games，which leads them to ignoring their studies. They just surf the Internet and play computer games， so they even don't know how to communicate with others in reality. It is such a big pity that it is time to take some measures to limit computer games.

First， the teacher should be responsible for educating students to leave away from computer games. Teachers should try to make students realize the original dangers of computer games. Second，the government should check the Internet cafes at times in

order to let the runners run their business legally. Third，it is necessary to make some laws to forbid the game developers to create some harmful games for students.

In a word，if the three ways above are put into practice effectively， it is certain that fewer and fewer students have interest in computer games.

1. I very like it I like it very much.

2. 这个价格对我挺合适的。

The price is very suitable for me. The price is right.

Note:suitable（合适的、相配的）最常见的用法是以否定的形式出现在告示或通知上，如：下列节目儿童不宜。The following programme is not suitable for children在这组句子中用后面的说法会更合适。

3. 你是做什么工作的呢？What's your job?

Are you working at the moment?

Note:what's your job这种说法难道也有毛病吗？是的。因为如果您的谈话对象刚刚失业，如此直接的问法会让对方有失面子，所以您要问：目前您是在上班吗？Are you working at the moment?接下来您才问：目前您在哪儿工作呢？Where are you working these days?或者您从事哪个行业呢？What line of work are you in?顺带说一下，回答这类问题时不妨说得具体一点，不要只是说经理或者秘书。

4. 用英语(论坛)怎么说？How to say?

How do you say this in English?

Note:How to say是在中国最为泛滥成灾的中国式英语之一，这决不是地道的英语说法。同样的句子有：请问这个词如何拼写？How do you spell that please?请问这个单词怎么读？How do you pronounce this word?

5. 明天我有事情要做。I have something to do tomorrow?

Sorry but I am tied up all day tomorrow. 用I have something to do来表示您很忙，这也完全是中国式的说法。因为每时每刻我们都有事情要做，躺在那里睡大觉也是事情。所以您可以说我很忙，脱不开身：I'm tied up.还有其他的说法：I'm afraid I can't make it at that time. I'd love to, but I can't, I have to stay at home.

6. 我没有英文名。I haven't English name.

I don't have an English name.

Note:许多人讲英语犯这样的错误，从语法角度来分析，可能是语法功底欠缺，因为have在这里是实义动词，而并不是在现在完成时里面那个没有意义的助动词。所以，这句话由肯定句变成否定句要加助动词。

明白道理是一回事，习惯是另一回事，请您再说几话：我没有钱；I don't have any money.我没有兄弟姐妹；I don't have any brothers or sisters.我没有车。I don't have a car. 这些最易犯的托福口语失误是中国的托福考生特有的现象，这也是由于中国的英语教育存在的不足造成的。大家在准备消灭这些一番的口语失误的时候，一定要有针对性的记忆，而且如果能应用到实际的生活中就会记得更牢。

7. 我想我不行。I think I can't.

I don't think I can.

Note:这一组然是个习惯问题，在语法上称为否定前置，这就是汉语里面说

8. 我的舞也跳得不好。I don't dance well too.

I am not a very good dancer either.

Note:当我们说不擅长做什么事情的时候，英语里面通常用not good at something,英语的思维甚至直接踊跃到：我不是一个好的舞者。

9. 现在几点钟了？What time is it now?

What time is it, please?

Note:What time is it now这是一个直接从汉语翻译过的句子，讲英语的时候没有必要说now,因为您不可能问what time was it yesterday, 或者what time is it tommorow?所以符合英语习惯的说法是：请问现在几点了？还有一种说法是：How are we doing for time?这句话在有时间限制的时候特别合适

10. 我的英语很糟糕。My English is poor.

I am not 100% fluent, but at least I am improving.

Note:有人开玩笑说，全中国人最擅长的一句英文是：My English is poor.实话说，我从来没有遇到一个美国人对我说：My Chinese is poor. 无论他们的汉语是好是坏，他们会说： I am still having a few problem, but I getting better.

当您告诉外国人，您的英语很poor,so what（那又怎么样呢），是要让别人当场施舍给我们一些英语呢，还是说我的英语不好，咱们不谈了吧。

另外一个更大的弊端是，一边不停的学英语，一边不停地说自己的英语很poor,这正像有个人一边给车胎充气，又一边在车胎上扎孔放气。

我坚信，先不谈别的，如果您现在就苦下功夫，把这本薄薄的《英语54321》吃通吃透，您的英语水平立即就会迅速的提高。所以您再也不用说：我的英语很poor. 您可以实事求事地说，我的英语还不算十分流利，但至少我在进步。

11. 你愿意参加我们的晚会吗？Would you like to join our party on Friday?

Would you like to come to our party on Friday night?

Note:join往往是指参加俱乐部或者协会，如：join a health club; join the Communist Party.事实上，常常与party搭配的动词的come 或者go.如go a wild party,或者come to a Christmas Party.

12. 我没有经验。I have no experience.

I am afraid I don't know much about that.

电视在人们的日常生活中占有很重要的地位，电视传播不断深层次地影响着每一个人。请以“Television” 为题，写一篇有关其所带来的积极影响的英语短文。

分析：1。这篇书面表达的中心思想是电视所带来的积极影响。2。电视对现代生活的影响是多方面的，考生不要试图面面俱到，如果涉及面太多，文章反而显得松散，我们只选择几个方面进行写作，可用举例的方法合理安排语言材料。

范文：

Television

Television presents a vivid world in front of us.1(主题句) Through TV, we can learn

what is happening half way across the world. 2(扩展句)

Television also plays an important educational role in our daily life.3(主题句) For one thing, the TV university provides an opportunity for people who can not go to formal university.4(扩展句) For another,children can broaden their scope of knowledge by watching such popular programs as “The Animal World” and “The Mickey Mouse and DuckDonald”.5(扩展句) Besides, women can learn about the latest fashion of dresses and the best recipe for making fruit cakes.6(扩展句) Furthermore, we can learn many

world advanced technologies from TV programs.7(扩展句) And also we can learn singing, dancing and doing physical exercise in some special TV training courses,8（扩展句）In short,the effect of TV’s educational role is becoming more and more obvious.9(扩展句) Having viewed these aspects, and with many more TV programs produced, I believe that our life will become even more significant. 10(总结句)

对比观点

_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____。Moreover,______.

While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_____. Secondly (besides),______. Thirdly (finally),_____. From my point of view, I think _____. The reason is that _____. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.

话题作文

Nowadays, there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimated that ___. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is ______. Besides,_____. The third one is _____. To sum up, the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,_____. For another thing, _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.

书信作文

Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear ..., I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____. …… I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours,

◆强调句：可以轻松地将时间、地点、原因、方式等类型的状语从句转变为强调句。 It was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag on the shop counter. It was then that I realized the importance of English.

◆倒装句：只要句中有介词短语或状语从句，便可将其提前，变成倒装句。

Only when I turned right at the crossing did that car crack towards me. Only by this means can he escape from the big fire.

◆with引导的伴随结构：可以将状语从句或并列句中的其中一个分句变成with结构。 With the sun lighting brightly and the birds singing clearly, I went to school in high spirits He always likes to sleep with the windows open.

◆巧妙地使用非谓语动词：可以将状语从句或并列的动词简化为非谓语动词。

Hearing that, the driver’s wife quickly added that her husband often talked nonsense after drinking. (低级形式：When he heard that, ……)

◆恰到好处的被动句：适合应用于较简短的句子，这样显得语言简洁生动，宾语一般是nothing、anything、everything等不定代词。

Searched all my pockets, but nothing was found。

◆感叹句：通常用于开头结尾活跃文章气氛，凡是“I feel ……”之类表达感情的句子皆可如此改造。

How terrible I felt today! I failed again in the math exam.

◆高级定语从句：若定语从句中的动词带有介词，只需将介词移至先行词后。 We came to a place to which they had never paid a visit before.

◆进行时态：有时会含有一定情绪，尤其要使用always这样的富含感情色彩的副词。 I am always feeling terrible when I take a bus.

◆婉转表达：需要使用幽默的技巧，主要用于漫画型作文题。

I could find nothing but bad luck when I returned the shop after learning that my handbag had been left on the counter.

◆what引导的名词性从句：将动宾结构转化为此结构。

What he gave me, which I knew, were not only a Christmas present but also a heart full of love and a mind of my existence in it.

◆“数词+名词”变为“as many as+数词+名词”。

As many as ten years ago, my hometown used to be covered by forests

◆适当加一些不关痛痒的插入语：一些连词、副词可以放到句子中间充当语气较弱的插入语，如I guess、however、in a way、certainly、in my opinion、probably、briefly, generally speaking, believe it or not, besides, what’s more等，有时可以考虑几个插入语连用，就更像英美人士的文章了。

◆独立主格：将主从句去掉连词，前句动词变为分词即可。

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. ◆把简单句改成复合句：适当的时候把两个简单句改成“too….to…”或者“so…that…”等高级一点的复合句。例如：

I was very tired. I couldn’t keep up with them.我们可以改成：I was so tired that I couldn’t keep up with them.或：I was too tired to keep up with them.

这样一来，英语基础不是很好的学生只要能够写出最基本的句子，然后再对这些句子

进行加工、改造、润色，慢慢的，就会让句子靓起来，在高考中就可以得到比较满意的成绩。

学习是一生的事业

As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of

reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty. Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life,

weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.

学习之于心灵，就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适量的营养食物，我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地，我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力，并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料，来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法，也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。

一旦学习停止，单调贫乏的生活就开始了。视学校为汲取知识的唯一场所是种常见的谬误。相反地，学习应该是一种无终止的历程，从生到死。由于世界一直快速地在变动，只要学习停顿数日就将使人落后。更糟的是，蛰伏在我们潜意识深处的兽性本能就会复活，削弱我们追求高贵理想的意志，弱化我们扫除成功障碍的决心，而且扼杀我们净化我们人格的欲望。缺少学习将不可避免地导致心灵的停滞，甚至更糟地，使其僵化。因此，为了保持心理年轻，我们必须将学习当作一生的事业。

1.开门见山,揭示主题

文章一开头,,就交待清楚文章的主题是什么。如“How I Spent My Vacation”(我怎样度假)的开头是:

I Spent my last vacation happily.

下面是题为

Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and

respected.On the contrary, one who tells lies is regarded as a

2.交代人物、事情、时间或环境开头

在文章的开头,先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。例如

The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan. The bus ride there took three hours. The long trip made us very tired, but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us.

3. 回忆性的开头

用回忆的方法来开头。例如

4.概括性的开头

即对要在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。如“The Happiness of Reading Books”(读书的快乐)的开头:

People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world. But I say that to read books is more valuable than anything else, because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power.

5.介绍环境式的开头

即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。如“An Accident”(一场事故)的开头是:

It was a rainy and windy morning. The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low, and the street was nearly empty. I was on my way back to school. Suddenly, a speeding car came round the corner.

6.交待写作目的的开头。

在文章的一开头就交待写作目的,如通过文章要表扬谁,批评谁,或说明一个什么问题等。如

In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control.

英语作文的文章的正文

文章的正文是由若干段落组成的,段落通常由几个或者更多的句子组成,有时候一个句子也能成段。

文章的正文应以文章的开头为线索,具体地叙述、说明或论证文章的主题。文章不论长短,每个段落都必须为主题服务。像说明文和议论文这一类的文章,一个主题还常分成几个小主题,每个小主题要用一个段落处理,另起一段时,应是一层新的意思。每一段的开头,要放一个表示段落小主题的主题句,这样可使文章条理化,易于阅读,便于读者抓住主题。段内的所有句子应围绕主题句的意义加以阐述或论证,为中心思想服务。句子之间应衔结自然,有条不紊,而且还要合乎逻辑,段落中不能出现任何与主题无关的句子;英语写作比较重视主题句的作用,缺少它段落意义就会含糊不清。主题句也可放在段落的中间和末尾等部位,但对初学者来说,以放在段首为好。见下列这篇题为

We students are the builders and masters of the country. It is important for us to know how to be a good student. A good student, I think, should be diligent in his studies. The more he studies, the more he will increase his knowledge. Without enough knowledge, we cannot make great contributions to the modernization of our country. To take care of one's own body is another important thing for good student to do. Anyone, who hasn't got a strong body, can do nothing for his country, even if he has much knowledge. There was a man, who, when he was student, studied hard but

neglected his health. No sooner did he come to serve the country than he died of poor health. From this we may see that to have a strong body is really very important for a student. Lastly, to cultivate one's own virtue is most important. Virtue is the essence of a noble and good character. It will greatly help one to be useful and his country heart and soul. When learned people go astray, they do more harm than good to society.

We should draw lessons from this.

这篇文章的第一段引出了文章的主题,第二、第三和第四段则是文章的正文,每—段的第一句即是段落的主题句,它们既支持了文章中心的观点和思想,同时又概括了全段的意思。在同一段落中,其余的句子都围绕主题句所表示的中心展开,同时句子间的衔结也很自然;各层的意思都很连贯。

分段是文章组织上重要的一步,但如果写的题目范围很小,那就无须再将题目分成小的主题,并分入各个段落去阐述了。像一篇简短的评论;某一事情的简短记载,某一个想法的说明,对一个人物或一件事情的简要叙述或说明等,就可以只用一个段落来表现主题。

在记叙文中,段的结构有时可以很简单,不需要有主题句,叙事一气呵成,中途没有停顿。段与段之所以分开,只是为了起修辞作用,以便把某一细节置于显著的地位。

某些测试用的表达题,在题目中就已经说明只需要根据。所给的提示写一个段落,而不是一篇文章。对于这一类的写作试题,就可以予以简洁的处理,并不是非要扩充成一篇有头有尾的完整文章。

下面这篇题为“Weekend Homework”(谈周末作业)的短文,就是用一个段落来论述问题和表达观点的。

Usally Saturday night is the time for students to get back to their desks and do their weekend homework. Six school days are enough for the students who have many other interests. I think weekend homework should not be given. With homework arranged for Saturday night and the whole of Sunday, when can he find time to help around the house, play a game of football or see a good film, or just relax? In fact weekend homework is usually put off until Sunday night. As a result our homework is done very poorly and we achive no results. If there were no homework on weekends, students would go to school on Monday well rested, willing to work. Teachers, don't you agree?

英语作文的文章的结尾

文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容,进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想,使文章意义表达得更加深刻。

文章结尾的形式也是多种多样的,常见的有以下几种:

1.首尾呼应,画龙点睛

在文章的结尾,把含义较深的话放在末尾,以点明主题,深化主题,起到画龙点睛的效果。如

After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people.

2.重复主题句

结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上,达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”(我爱家乡)的结尾:

I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland.

3. 自然结尾

随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”(钓鱼)的结尾:

I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late.

4.含蓄性的结尾

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法,而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”(收割的日子)的结尾:Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile.

5.用反问结尾

虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,并具有特别的强调作用,引起读者深思。如

Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls?

6.指明方向,激励读者

结尾表示对将来的展望,或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”(让我们参加体育运动)的结尾:

As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports.