宾语从句语法详解

宾语从句复习要点

一、连接词

1. 只起连接作用

●I know(that) he is a Canadian athlete.

2. 引导宾语从句时,意为“是否”,。如:

●I don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.

注意:与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。如:

●He didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here.

下列情况下只能用whether：

①在具有选择意义，有or或or not时，与or not连用时，用whether(if…or not也可以使用)

Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。

I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我们是去还是留。

②在介词之后用whether

I'm interested in whether he likes English.我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。

We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否伤了她的感情。

③在不定式前用whether

He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。

I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。

④whether置于句首时，不能换用if

Whether this is true or not，I can't say.这是否真的我说不上来。

⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether

Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能来还是个问题。

The question is whether we can catch the bus.问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。

⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether

Please let me know if you like the book.可理解为：

a.Please let me know whether you like the book.请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。

b.If you like the book，please let me know.你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。

3. : ●He didn’t understand what the teacher said.

●I don’t know when we will have a meeting.

二、语序

1.

●Do you know where he lives?

2. 谓语是 t等词时

●I don’t think (that) Tom is wrong. 我认为汤姆没错。

三、时态

1. 时态相应的过去时态。如:

●I want to know how he came yesterday.

●She asked if he was leaving for Beijing soon.

2. 宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时,宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。如:

●The teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth.

简化宾语从句的方法：

方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式

Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.

We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.

方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”

She has forgotten how she can open the window. →She has forgotten how to open the window.

注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”

Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station?

方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order(命令)，require(需要)等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”

The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.

方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化

He insisted that he should go with us. →He insisted on going with us.

The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.

方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构

Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.

方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，可用不定式(短语)来简化，

It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.

除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：

I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.

Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.

They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy.

练习：

I. 单项填空

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes， he‘s our headmaster.

A. he B. who C. which D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim?

A. which B. in which C. that D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where B. which C. that D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

A. that you bought B. you bought it

C. that you bought it D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that B. it C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who‘s B. whose C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that B. which C. where D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live B. on which we live

C. where we live in D. we live in

11. He wanted to know ___________.

A. whether he speaks at the meeting C. what he’s going to do at the meeting

B. when the meeting would start D. where would the meeting be held

12. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?

---The day after tomorrow, I think.

A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. when would you visit D. when you would visit

13. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr. Wang?

A. what should we do B. we should do what C. what we should do D. should we do what

14. You can’t imagine _________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.

A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were how excited

15. I want to know ________ you will come back at 8:00 tomorrow.

A. that B. when C. where D. whether

16. ---Could you tell me ____________?

---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meeting.

A. what does he say at the meeting

B. what did he say at the meeting

C. what he says at the meeting

D. what he said at the meeting

17. ---Could you tell me _________ last night? ---Er, I was watching Euro 2004 at home. A. what you were doing B. what were you doing C. what you are doing D. what are you doing Ⅱ、用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。 1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west. 3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _____we live in is very old. 5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?