初中英语连词

初三英语语法专题

【本讲教育信息】

一.教学内容：

连词

二. 教学重点和难点：

连词的使用

三. 具体内容：

连词是一种在句子与句子之间，短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词，它不能单独作句子的成份。按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。

一、并列连词（用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句）

⑴and意为“和”、“而且”，用来连接对等关系的词、短语或句子。

He stood up and put on his hat. （and在译成中文时，不一定要翻译出“和”来）

and 用于祈使句中，用法为“祈使句，and…”，相当于“If you…, you’ll…”

Hurry up, and you’ll catch the bus. = If you hurry up, you’ll catch the bus.

Use your head, and you’ll find a way.= If you use your head, you’ll find a way.

【走近中考】

Work hard, you’ll pass the English exam this time.

A. or B. but C. because D. and

⑵or 用在选择疑问句中连接被选择的对象，意为“或，还是”；用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示“和，与”的意思。

Would you like coffee or tea?

I don’t like bread, rice or porridge.

【走近中考】

We’re going to the bookstore. You can come with us you can meet us there later.

A. and B. but C. or D. then

or 用于祈使句中，用法为“祈使句，or…”，相当于“If you don’t…, you’ll…”，译成“请„„，否则„„”，有转折的意思。

Study hard, or you’ll fail in the exam. = If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam.

【走近中考】

We should leave early tomorrow morning, we won’t get there on time.

A. so B. or C. but D. and

⑶but 意为“但是，而，可是”，表示转折关系。

Li Lei likes violin but doesn’t like piano.

Mary likes violin, but Tom doesn’t. （在连接的句子中，如果某些成分与前面相同，则可省略。）

【走近中考】

①It’s a nice house it hasn’t got a garden.

A. and

B. or C. but D. so

②—Was the boy saved?

—No. The doctors tried their best, they failed.

A. and B. so C. but

⑷both… and…意为“和，既„„也„„”。它构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 Both Li Ming and Li Lei are good students.

both… and…的否定句表示部分否定。

Both Li Ming and Li Lei are not good students.

⑸either… or…和neither… nor….

either… or…意为“或„„或„„；不是„„就是„„”

either… or…构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词随其邻近的or后面的主语而定。

Either you or he is right.

I don’t want to visit either Tianjin or Shanghai.

neither… nor…意为“既不„„也不„„”

neither… nor…构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词的用法和either… or…的用法一样，由其邻近的nor后面的主语而定。

Neither he nor I speak a foreign language.

本身是全部否定，所以不能再用否定式，不能再加not。

Neither you nor I am right.

【走近中考】

These story books for children are awfully written. They are interesting exciting.

A. either; or B. neither; nor C. both; and D. not only; but also

⑹not only… but also…意为“不但„„而且„„”，它构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词随邻近的but also后面的主语而定。

Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.

They speak English not only in class but also in the dormitory.

二、从属连词（是用来引导从句的）

时间状语从句

1. when引导的时间状语从句，常译为“当„„的时候”，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。

He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。

Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。

I will visit my good friend when I have time .当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。

2. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与„„同时，在„„期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.

当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.

当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。

注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，译为“然而”。

I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports.

我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。

【走近中考】

① he comes back, I’ll tell him.

A. Where B. How C. When D. What

②Yesterday evening I was playing the piano the doorbell rang.

A. when B. before C. while D. after

3. before和after引导的时间状语从句，before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

He had been a cook before he went to college. 他上大学前曾当过厨师。

He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。

注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.

4. as soon as引导的时间状语从句，译为“一„„就„„”。

He will go to see you as soon as he gets here. 他一到这里就会去看你。

She got everything ready as soon as she got to school. 她一到学校就把一切都准备好了。

【走近中考】

①He climbed up the tree he saw the bear.

A. while B. if C. until

②—When are you going to tell Henry the good news?

— he comes back. D. as soon as

A. Since B. As soon as C. Because D. Until

5. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从„„”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook.

自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。

We haven’t seen each other since we parted. 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。

【走近中考】

Over 400 million people have visited Disneyland parks around the world American Disneyland opened in July 1955.

A. after B. before C. since

6. till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到„„为止”，not … till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到„„才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用终止性动词。

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。

We won’t start our discussion until / till he comes. 我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。

【走近中考】

①—Hurry up. The bus is coming.

—Wait a minute. Don’t cross the street the traffic lights are green.

A. after B. until C. while

②Kate knew nothing about it I told her. D. since

A. since B. because C. until D. after

③—What a surprise it is that you’ve hiked on Mount Tai!

—Ididn’t believe I could do it I got to the top.

A. unless B. after C. until D. as

在时间状语从句中要特别注意时态的搭配：当主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。 条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有if（如果）和unless（除非）。

If it is fine, we’ll go to the park. 如果天气好，我们就去公园。

unless在意义上等于if…not，但比if语气更强：

You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you do not study hard.

除非你努力学习，否则你会失败。

【走近中考】

①Susan will not arrive at the airport on time she hurries up.

A. once B. if C. when D. unless

②Your dream won’t come true you know what your dream is.

A. after B. unless C. while D. since

让步状语从句

though/although意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。不能和but连用。

Though I live near the sea, I’m not a good swimmer.

= I live near the sea, but I’m not a good swimmer.

【走近中考】

① he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his father.

A. But B. Though C. So D. Because

②I can’t still understand the passage there are few new words in it.

A. so B. because C. if

③— the soldiers are very tired, they keep on working.

—They are great. We must learn from them. D. though

A. Because; / B. Though; / C. Because; so D. Though; but

结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有：so…that…, such…that…（如此„„以至于„„） so强调形容词或副词，that后面接从句，常用于下面结构中：

形容词 / 副词

形容词+a / an + 单数可数名词 so + +that many / few + 复数可数名词

much / little + 不可数名词

such强调名词，常用于下面结构中：

a / an + 单数可数名词

a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词

复数可数名词 / 不可数名词 such + +that

形容词 + 复数可数名词

形容词 + 不可数名词

He is so old that he can’t work. = He is too old to work.

The box is so heavy thatI can’t lift it. = The box is too heavy for me to lift.

【走近中考】

He was tired he fell asleep as soon as he lay down.

A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; that

原因状语从句

引导原因状语从句的连词：because（因为）

She didn’t go there, because she was ill. 她没有去那，因为她病了。

回答why问句时，只能用because。

Why are you late? Because I met a traffic accident on my way home.

汉语中，我们经常说“因为„„所以„„”，但在英文中because和so只能用一个。 Because he was tired, he couldn’t walk there.

He was tired, so he couldn’t walk there.

【走近中考】

Ican’t join the art club, I have no time to take part in its activities.

A. because B. so C. though

习题训练

I.用适当的连词填空，使其与原句意思相近或相同。

1. We can’t finish the work in time without your help.

We can’t finish the work in time you don’t help us.

2. If we don’t hurry, we’ll be late for school.

Let’s hurry, we’ll be late for school.

3. Jenny got up even earlier the next morning in order to get to school on time.

Jenny got up even earlier the next morning she could get to school on time.

4. Jack hasn’t seen the new film. I haven’t seen it, either.

Jack I have seen the new film.

5. Wei Hua is a League member. Han Mei is a League member, too.

Wei Hua Han Mei are League members.

6. The little boy speaks English very well. He speaks French very well, too.

The little boy speaks English French very well.

7. Xiao Ming was born in 1996. Wang Lin was born in 1996, too.

Xiao Ming is just as old Wang Lin.

8. Miss Wang is very kind. All the students like her.

Miss Wang is kind all the students like her.

II. 单项选择

1. He was ill, he still went on to working.

A. and B. or C. but D. so

2. The dustmen wouldn’t go to work they got more money.

A. until B. after C. since D. when

3. Where will Tom wait for her, at home at the library?

A. also B. as C. and D. or

4. English isn’t easy to learn, I like it very much.

A. but B. or C. since D. because

5. After finishing your homework, you can go home play football on the playground.

A. either; or B. neither; nor C. either; nor D. neither; or

6. Come to my school tomorrow, I’ll give the dictionary to you.

A. or B. and C. but D. if

7. it was late, the workers were still working.

A. Though B. As C. Because D. But

8. He knew nothing about it his friend told him.

A. until B. because C. if D. since

9. Hurry up, you’ll miss the first bus.

A. and B. or C. but D. if

10. This film is not so interesting that one.

A. to B. for C. than D. as

11. Would you like to go to the concert with me?

I’d love to, I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.

A. and B. or C. so D. but

12. Where is the comic book?

I brought it to you you were in the reading room yesterday.

A. when B. if C. because D. before

13. Perhaps I’m going to the market.

Would you get me some juice you go there?

A. since B. as C. if D. after

14. Work hard, you’ll pass the English exam this time.

A. or B. but C. because D. and

15. Luckily, all the students got out of the teaching building it fell down.

A. until B. before C. since D. after

16. I don’t like bread. I won’t eat it I am very hungry.

A. if B. when C. as D. unless

17. We didn’t enjoy the picnic there was a sudden rain.

A. if B. but C. because D. however

18. he is only 8 years old, he knows more about science than his father.

A. But B. Though C. So D. Because

19. She has studied in this school she was seven years old.

A. since B. if C. until D. after

20. Lucy Lily may go dancing with you because they are not allowed to go out on school nights.

A. Either; or B. Neither; nor C. Both; and

D. Not only; but also