中国传统文化英语表达法(四级)

中国传统节日Traditional Chinese Festivals The Spring Festival 春节 the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the first day of the first lunar month and ends on the Lantern Festival, that is, the fifteenth of the month. T(中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节).

The Spring Festival Eve 除夕 , or the Chinese New Year’s Eve, is call the Danian Sanshi （大年三十）in Chinese. It is a time of jubilance, with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loud firecrackers, and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will hurry back home for their family reunion on the eve.

The Spring Festival Eve Dinner 年夜饭 . north prefer jiaozi, the southerners like tangyuan, sweet round dumplings to niangao, which means “”.

Spring Festival Couples 贴春联 duilian对联, or the Pair Couplets, b. Sometimes people also paste a hengpi横批, a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, above the couples.

Gift Money 压岁钱

Setting off firecrackers 放鞭炮

Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to , People wish that, by setting off firecrackers, good luck would come to them in the coming year.

Paying New Year Calls 拜年

The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and say good wishes to one another among relatives, friends and neighbors.

Visting Temple Fairs赶庙会 秧歌 (a ritual folk dance popular in north China), 技） and folk art shows. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges （商品交易）are also the integral parts of the fair.

The Lantern Festival 元宵节

The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival, (这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜). The major activities of the day include , , and eating yuanxiao元宵(sweet dumplings) made of glutinous [ˈglu:tinəs](粘的，胶装的) rice flour （糯米面，糯米粉）.

Eating Yuanxiao 吃元宵

Eating yuanxiao 元宵on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes . (元宵用糯米粉包馅制成，馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖，还有肉糜馅等). In southern China, people also eat tangyuan汤圆(like yuanxiao元宵).

Watching Painted Lanterns 赏花灯 (人们观灯赏月，其乐融融).

Solving Lantern Riddles 猜灯谜

Solving riddles written or printed on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.

The Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 . The story goes that the day is kept in memory of 屈原who died more than 2000 years ago. (同时也是人们祈求农业丰收，驱除瘟疫的节日).

Qu Yuan (339BC? ～ 278BC?) 屈原

Qu Yuan 屈原,楚国in ancient China, is greatly respected by people of all times, for both . It was on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month in the year 278 BC 因楚国国都失陷，屈原悲愤地投江而死).

Dragon Boat Racing 赛龙舟

The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it. (赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后，人们寻救他的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动).

Eating Zongzi 吃粽子

Legend has it thatThat’s how the tradition of eating zongzi 粽子(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat Festival started. A zongzi （粽子）is usually made in the shape of a triangular or square lump (粽子外形为三角形或四角形), wrapped in large bamboo leaves. The ingredients are mostly .

Hanging Moxa 挂艾蒿

Moxa leaves are hung in front of every household during the Dragon Boat Festival in order to [ɪk'spɛl]（驱逐） (驱邪解毒). The sweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel flies and mosquitoes, and the house.

The Moon Festival 中秋节

th团圆节, as the full moon around that time very well . It is a time for family members to get together and ['seivə]尽情享受.

The Moon Cake 月饼

The Cake of Reunion 团圆饼 is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty, (月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼品，也是节日的重要食品).

The Double Ninth Festival 重阳节

Chongyang 重阳— the Double Ninth Festival, also known as the Senior Citizens’ Day 老人节, is on the ninth of the ninth lunar month. 中国古人把九称为阳数，阳在中国哲学中属阳性，代表男性阳刚特质，所以九月九叫做重阳). On this day, people will go climbing mountains, drinking, and admiring chrysanthemum

[kri'sænθəməm] 菊花 flowers. More importantly, it’s a time for children to ['fɪlɪəl] ['paɪətɪ]（filial piety 孝顺，孝心）

Climbing the Heights to Keep Away Troubles 登高避灾

The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn, when the seasonal beauty together.

Appreciating the Chrysanthemums 赏菊

品种繁多的菊花在秋日盛开，观赏菊花是流传已久的节日风俗).

Offering Sacrifices to the Goddess of the Sea 祭海神

Grand ceremonies are held for her on the day in China’s coastal cities including the Taiwan Region.

The God of Longevity [lɔn'dʒevəti] 寿星老 长寿的保护神

中国服饰Chinese Costumes

Silk and the silk road 丝绸与丝绸之路 . Silk products from China were sold in great quantities to countries in the Middle East and Europe over 2000 years ago.(由于受丝绸贸易的巨大影响，运送丝绸西行的陆地贸易通道就被称作丝绸之路。).

Silk 丝绸

The Chinese started raising silk-worms about 5000-6000 years ago, and mastered the technology of silk-weaving.

The Silk Road 丝绸之路

The Silk Road, first developed over 2000 years ago, was an ancient continental trade route connecting China with the west. It played an important role in trade, politics and cultural exchange between China and other countries in Asia and Europe.

The Maritime Silk Road 海上丝绸之路 the Silk Road on land, China had opened a maritime ['mærɪtaɪm]（a. 海的） passage leading to such regions as Korea, Japan and South East Asia. After the 13th century, the oceanic

['əuʃi'ænik](a.海洋的) route further extended its way to European and African countries. This route was what people later called the Maritime Road.

铜器和铁器香水奇珍异宝).

Cheongsam ['tʃɑŋsæm] (Qipao 旗袍) [mæn'tʃuəriən]（满洲的；满洲人的）旗人)， ['festɪv(ə)l]（节日的，喜庆的；快乐的）

The Making of Cheongsam ['tʃɑŋsæm] 旗袍的制作

Cheongsam is usually made by hand. , （讲究个性，量体裁衣）. The buttons of the dress, in particular, are made into a variety of animal and flower figures as ornaments, such as butterflies, the dragon, or the phoenix, to add looks to the dress.

Modern Cheongsam 现代旗袍

As time changes, adaptations have been made to traditional cheongsam to : （现代旗袍在不同季节、场合穿着，更为舒适大方）.

Modern Garments 现代服饰

Chinese clothes today have become part of the international fashion world, and 的服饰，琳琅满目地陈列在购物中心，百货商店和专卖店franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] vt. 给…以特许/特权）. China is not only a big exporter of clothes and textile products nowadays, but also a great marketplace for clothes of any world brand name in the world.

Chinese food中国饮食

Beijing Cuisine and Snacks 北京菜与小吃

(北京是几朝古都，各地美食风味云集，名厨高手荟萃). 各民族饮食风俗在此相互影响，使得北京菜具有了别具一格、自成一体的特色).

The Roast Duck 北京烤鸭

The Roast Duck, made of tianya 填鸭(the force-fed duck) has enjoyed its fame for over 1000 years.它的特点是皮脆肉嫩、味美醇香). When you eat it, you take some slices of the duck, some cucumber and green union head slices, dip them in 甜面酱and finally roll them up in a piece of Chunbing 春饼(spring pancake). And then, you can enjoy it.

Instant-boiled Mutton 涮羊肉

Cut the mutton into thin slices and boil it in the hot pot for a few minutes before you eat it with a dip of a special sauce mix. 羊肉火锅, for which Beijing ‘s “Donglaishun 东来顺” chain-restaurants连锁店are best-known.

Manhan Quanxi 满汉全席

Xi 席is the name the Chinese given to a formal banquet, while 190 courses of delicacies and 120 snakes, divided into six rounds（六轮）in three days to finish. 用餐环境优雅，席间还有名师古乐伴奏).

Beijing Snakes 北京小吃

Snakes are small refreshments for breakfast, night snakes, and (茶食). 北京小吃众多，包括汉民风味小吃、回民风味小吃和宫廷风味小吃，共300多种).

Cantonese Cuisine and Snakes广东菜与小吃

The Cantonese cuisine, simply called the Yue 粤(the simplified name for Canton) cuisine, consists of Guangzhou 广州, Chaozhou 潮州, and Dongjiang 东江flavors, but mainly of Guangzhou flavor. (粤菜烹调时，注重保持主料原有的鲜味，以鲜嫩爽滑而闻名). Roast Suckling Pigs 烤乳猪, White Cooked Chicken 白斩鸡, and White Boiled Shrimps 白灼虾 are among the best known dishes.

Seafood Dishes 海鲜菜

The seafood dishes cover a variety of sea fish and shellfish. The freshness and light taste of the fish are very important to the restaurant goers. (所以，一般即买即烹，顾客可以在餐馆内的海鲜池中选择自己喜好的海产品，当场交给厨师制作). They are (清蒸), or (焯烫), and eaten with proper .

Cantonese Snakes 广东小吃

 The Cantonese snakes are usually sold in sidewalk eateries（['iːtərɪ] n. 简便饮食店；小

饭馆）. They are also available at teahouses and restaurants, where they serve both morning and , such as Shrimp Dumplings 虾饺, Changfen 肠粉, Water Chestnut Cakes 马蹄糕, and Chashaobao 叉烧包.

Sichuan Cuisine and Snakes 四川菜与小吃

Sichuan cuisine, known for its strong and rich flavors — spicy, fish-flavored, odd tastes. Famous dishes include Zhangcha Duck 樟茶鸭(duck marinated and cooked in camphor tea, salt and other seasonings), Shuizhu Roupian 水煮肉片, Shuizhu Yu 水煮鱼(the instant cooked spicy pork, fish or beef), Guoba Roupian 锅巴肉片(sizzling pork fillets over rice crust), and Mapo Doufu 麻婆豆腐(prickly spicy bean curd).

The Zhangcha Duck 樟茶鸭

以嫩鸭为原料，经腌制后，用香樟树叶、茶叶熏烤，又经蒸、炸等工序制成). The ducks remain whole till they are done, which look golden red and taste tenderly crispy, with unique fragrance.

Mapo Doufu 麻婆豆腐

The ingredients include以豆腐为原料，配豆瓣酱、牛肉末、干辣椒粉、花椒等调味品). The combination of the richly spicy flavor and the tenderness of bean curd proves to be quite and the century-old Mapo Doufu 麻婆豆腐has long been a popular home dish.

Chinese Liquor 中国酒

As early as over 1300 years ago, China’s was already quite advanced. (在挖掘出的古代文物中，有不少是饮酒器皿). Based on the variety of brewing technology and materials used, the Chinese liquor are classified as: yellow wine黄酒, white liquor白酒 (distilled spirit), grape wine, and beer.

Yellow Wine 黄酒 . It is mainly produced along the downstream of Yangtze River. The better known brands include Zhuangyuanhong 状元红, Hudiao 花雕, all made in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province 浙江绍兴.

White Liquor 白酒 (白酒用谷物或薯类经过糖化、发酵、蒸馏而成). As a traditional way of wine making, white liquor is made all over the country, .

Maotai Liquor 茅台酒

Maotai liquor, made in Maotai town, Huairen City, Guizhou Province贵州省怀仁市茅台镇, has enjoyed its fame for 280 years. (茅台酒晶莹剔透，口感醇厚柔和，没有烈性刺激感，是享誉国内外的名酒).

Chinese Tea 中国茶

In China, tea-drinking is part of the Chinese culture: Tea Culture. 喝茶不仅是人们生活中的一种习惯，也是待客的一种习俗). Teahouses where tea-drinkers could also 炒茶), the important part of tea processing, determines the quality of the product.

The Home of Tea 茶叶的故乡 (茶是一种植物，称茶树，它的芽叶经过加工就成了可供冲泡的茶叶). Originally a product of China, tea was exported to parts of Asia as early as some 1500 years ago, and it arrived in Europe about 400 years ago.

Varieties of Tea 茶叶的品种

['uːlɒŋ]乌龙茶, and there’re different brand names such as the Xihu Longjing 西湖龙井(West Lake Longjing Tea, green tea produced in Hangzhou, Zhejiang 浙江杭州), Biluochun 碧螺春(green tea, produced in Jiangsu Prov.江苏).

Tea Ceremony 茶艺

In the Chinese tea culture, there are certain rituals and rules to follow, either at the stage of 沏茶，敬茶，饮茶). There’s also a set of criteria for the quality of water, tea, and tea-making utensils.

中国书法绘画 Chinese calligraphy and painting The Four Treasures of the Study 文房四宝

Wenfang 文房refers to the study for a man of letters, and the tools and materials for calligraphy and painting include 笔、墨、纸、砚), so they are jointly called “the four treasures of the study”. In addition to these, 还有笔筒、笔架、墨盒、笔洗、印章、印盒等多种书法和绘画用品).

The Writing Brush 毛笔

Writing brushes are the traditional writing tools in China, dating from 1600 BC to 1066 BC. The point of the brush is usually made with hair from animal tails and the shaft of bamboo sticks. 根据书写字体大小不同，毛笔有大、中、小号). There are also larger ones called Dou brush 斗笔or Ti brush 提笔, and the largest one is called Zha brush 揸笔.

The Ink Stick 墨（块）

In ancient China, people had to grind （[graɪnd]磨碎，碾碎） the ink stick into ink liquid and then dip the writing brush into it to write and paint. For grinding the ink stick, some fresh water should be poured into the ink slab first, then, (用墨块在砚台上顺着一个方向研磨), and gradually, the fresh water turn into ink liquid.

The Ink Slab 砚

The ink slab, as a tool for grinding ink sticks and usually made of stone, is very important to an ancient man of letters in his study. The most famous is the Duan Ink Slab 端砚produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province 广东肇庆, which is called Duanzhou 端州in ancient times. (端砚质地细密柔润，研出的墨汁均匀耐用). (砚台上还能雕出精美的花纹，成为艺术珍品).

Traditional Chinese Paintings 中国画 (国画是中国传统的绘画艺术，它用中国所独有的毛笔、水墨、颜料，以特有的表现形式和艺术法则创作而成). They can be classified, according to subject matter, into landscape, flower-and-bird and figure paintings.

Landscape Paintings 山水画

Landscape paintings mainly depict natural scenery of mountains and rivers, which first came into being in Qin Dynasty 秦代and reached a high level in Song Dynasty 宋代.

中国山水画重在抒发画家个人情感，达到情景交融的艺术境界).

Flower-and-bird Paintings 花鸟画

Flower-and-bird paintings do not only depict flowers and birds only, but also (竹石、走兽、虫鱼) as well. (画家主张通过对花鸟虫鱼的描绘，陶冶人的情操，体现作者内在的思想和追求).

Figure Paintings 人物画

Figure paintings focus particularly on the portrayal of the character’s activities, and 画家用线条勾画出人物的形态和服饰，让人感受到画中人物的神韵). Ancient China has produced many great artists of figure paintings, such as Gu Kaizhi in Jin Dynasty 晋代的顾恺之, Wu Daozi in Tang Dynasty 唐代的吴道子, Tang Bohu in Ming Dynasty 明代的唐伯虎, and so on.

New Year’s Painting 年画

年画是中国画的一种，它采用木刻套印的方法作画，内容喜庆、色彩对比强烈，是中国古老的民间美术形式). They are specially created for decoration of 它是专门为过农历新年时装饰环境、除凶辟邪而创作的). That is why they are called New Year’s paintings.

中国文物

The Terra-cotta Warriors 秦始皇陵兵马俑

秦始皇是中国封建社会的第一个皇帝。他死后，为了显示他生前的辉煌和权威，在他的墓中陪葬了许多东西). Among them were the three barracks of Terra-cotta 兵马俑阵), which have been marveled at as the “World’s Eighth Miracle” 世界第八大奇迹.

The Underground Army 地下军阵

Yong is either a human or animal figure made with clay. The Qin Shihuang’s Tomb 秦始皇陵and its great army of Terra-Cotta Warriors — 7000 soldiers, 100 horses and 100 chariots in all, 再现了2000多年前气势宏伟，兵种齐全的军阵队形).

Dunhuang Grottoes 敦煌石窟

The Dunhuang Grottoes, (位于敦煌县东南25千米处的断崖上), are famous for his Mogao Caves 莫高窟. Now there are 492 grottoes in existence, which were constructed during the 4th century to the 10th century. Mogao Caves 莫高窟 became a treasure of the Buddhist art because of the multitude of murals and sculptures in the caves.

Cave Relief Murals 石窟壁画

(石窟内现存的壁画多达4.5万平方米，内容有佛像人物、佛经故事、古代神话及装饰图案). It took more than 1000 years to complete.

The Dunhuang Academy China 敦煌研究院 (敦煌文物曾遭到英、法、俄、日、美等国冒险家的盗取和掠夺). Many such relics can now be seen in museums and libraries throughout the world. As an effort to protect and further study the art of the Dunhuang Grottoes, China founded the Dunhuang Art Institute 敦煌艺术研究所in the 1940s, which became the pre-existence of nowadays the Dunhuang Academy China 敦煌研究院.

中国民居Chinese Folk Residence

Siheyuan (Beijing Quadrangles['kwɒdræŋg(ə)l]) 北京四合院

Siheyuan，来). Beijing Quadrangles ['kwɒdræŋg(ə)l] (周围有建筑物的)四方院子are symmetrical in design, and the inhabitants follow strict rules of hierarchy.

Cave Dwellings in Shaanxi 陕西窑洞

Cave dwellings ['ləʊɪs]cave dwelling measures seven to eight meters deep and more than three meters in breath and height respectively. The cave dwelling, thousands of years ago, is an age-old form of residence for people on the Loess Plateau. Today, there are still many people living in cave dwellings.

Brick Caves and Stone Caves 砖窑和石窑

An earth cave is turned into a brick cave , or a stone cave if reinforced with stones. Brick caves and stone caves are usually used as schools or offices. 楼房一样的多层阶梯式砖窑，外表看起来既漂亮又壮观).

Fujian Tulou 福建土楼

Tulou (earthen building) is a self-defensive folk residence built by the Hakka(客家人) living in such areas as Longyan and Zhangzhou(龙岩、漳州) in Fujian Province to protect their clans（宗族，部落）. It is usually round or square, and big enough for an entire clan.

The Ancestral Temple 祠堂

The center of a Tulou is the ancestral temple, .

Modern Private Houses 现代民居

Great changes have taken place in private houses in towns and countryside in China. Private houses in towns and cities mainly concentrate in residential districts, where people’s living environments and quality are being improved. 各地多彩的风情面貌).

A residential district composed of apartment buildings with different forms and structures has not only complete set of educational, medical and transportation set-ups(设施).

中华医药Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medical Science and Medicine中医中药 Traditional Chinese medical science is of kinds of medicine practice by different ethnic groups(中医是中国各民族医学的), including those of the Hans, the Tibetans, the Mongolians and also the Miao ethnic group, etc.

The Diagnosis Method of Traditional Chinese Medicine 中医诊病

It is believed that the human body is diagnosis and treatment of a disease, examination includes first observing the symptom expression, then listening to the breathing sound, after that inquiring about the medical history, including the physical sensation, the diet and daily life of the patient, and finally feeling the pulse on the wrist. This method of diagnosis is summarized as “.”

Treatment of Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine中药治病

The raw materials of traditional Chinese medicine are mainly herb plants草药植物 with some animal and mineral substances. After being processed, these materials are classified into two main types: . The Compendium of Materia Medica by Li Shizhen(1518-1593) in the Ming Dynasty(明代李时珍的《本草纲目》) which has summarized the experience of medicinal treatment before the 16th century, played a very important role in the later development of traditional Chinese medicinal science, and this book now has already been translated into many languages such as English, French and Japanese, etc.

Acupuncture and Moxibustion [,mɒksɪ'bʌstʃ(ə)n]艾灸Therapy 针灸疗法

The therapy of acupuncture and moxibustion is an important means of treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine. It applies specific needles or lighted moxa(艾火) on to stimulate, in order to regulate the physiological（生理的） functioning of the body (balance of the Yin and Yang 阴阳in the Chinese thought) and to cure disease. If the needle is used, it is called the acupuncture therapy(针法); if moxa ['mɒksə] 艾；灸料is used, it is called the moxibustion therapy(灸法). They are together called the acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.

Acupuncture Therapy 针法治病

With the fine needles of different lengths they invented for curative treatment, the ancient Chinese people treated patients by inserting and manipulating the needles into specific points on the body. By doing so, the patients were able to get certain responses, and their ailments(病痛) could be cured by repeating the stimulation.

Moxibustion Therapy 灸法治病 or spots, or to conduct heat to these spots through a layer of medication (后，用它接近人体的特定穴位，进行灼烫；或将药物放置在人体的穴位上进行熏晕). The stimulation from the heat and medicine is meant to prevent or treat diseases.

Massage [mə'sɑʒ] therapy 按摩疗法

Massage is also used for therapeutic purposes in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The application or combination of supposed to 增强血液循环and fine-tune(vt. 微调，细调) the neutral system, so as to alleviate（减轻） fatigue and restore health.

中华武术The Chinese Martial Art

The Shaolin Martial Art 少林功夫

All genres of martial arts Shaoliln, thus, in talking about the Shaolin Temple, its martial art. This kind of Shaolin kungfu, accumulated . It involves various methods of fighting techniques,

Taiji Boxing太极拳

In traditional Chinese boxing, Taiji Boxing , d.

The Origins of Taiji Boxing 太极拳源流

Ancient Chinese called the universe Taiji 太极，the Supreme Ultimate, and they explained the mechanism of boxing according to the ancient Chinese philosophy of kind of boxing began to be taught and practiced and Chen Wangting, in Wen County, Henan Province(河南温县的陈王廷), which was known as Chen Style Taiji Boxing(陈氏太极拳). Later, as it 杨氏、吴氏等流派) were developed and evolved.

中国文字The Chinese Character

The Evolution of Chinese Characters 汉字的演变

The characters of Chinese used by Chinese people ). With small changes of in writing methods since ancient times, they are used in all dialects as the common written characters. Therefore, 对中华文明的传承起到了十分重要的作用）.

The Origin of Chinese Characters 汉字的起源

In legend, there was a figure 上古时期) named Cang Jie and So he has the title of “(造字圣人) ”, as later generation . .

Standardization and Promulgation ([,promʌl'ɡeʃən] 宣传,普及) of Chinese Characters 汉字的规范与传播 , the Chinese language has two systems of standard characters in use, namely, .

The Simplified Chinese Characters 简化汉字

the Chinese government (普通话the commonly spoken Chinese). The simplification of Chinese characters involves simplifying some of the strokes on the basis of traditional characters, thus forming the simplified ones easy to write. And .

Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU) 北京语言大学

BLCU is an international university in China recruiting students abroad, Meanwhile 以招收国外留学生为主的国际型大学，主要进行汉语和中华文化的传播和教学工作，同时承担着培养对外汉语教师以及出国预备人员的培训工作). A great number of foreign students come to the

university to study every year.

Confucius Institutes 孔子学院 语、传播中国语言文化的社会性公益学校), and their headquarters is located in Beijing. In the year of 2004, the first Confucius institute was founded in Seoul of ROK.

中国历史文化名城Famous Chinese Cities with

Historical and Cultural Relics

The Ancient City Walls 古城墙

The ancient city walls we see today here were built in the year of 1370, . Within the enclosure of city walls, ancient private house, and the streets and temples

Pingyao City in Shanxi 山西平遥

Pingyao is a famous city in Shanxi Province, [ɪk'stænt; 'ekst(ə)nt]

Shaoxing City in Zhejiang 浙江绍兴

Shaoxing is in Zhejiang Province in China with an urban construction history of over 2500 years. The city, , is located on the south coast of Hangzhou Bay bordering the East Sea.

Shaoxing: the City of Bridges 桥都绍兴

. over 4000 stone bridges are built across the waterways,

The Black-awning Boat in Shaoxing 绍兴乌篷船

In the water town of Shaoxing, there is a kind of agile(灵巧的) water transport called Wupeng Boat (black-awning boat 乌篷船). It is so called because the small wooden boat has a canopy

Luxun Memorial Museum at His Former Residence 鲁迅故居纪念馆

Luxun is a modern Chinese litterateur([,litərə'tə:]文学家). He was born in Shaoxin. In the 1950s,

Fenghuang Town in Hunan 湖南凤凰

Located in the southwest of Hunan Province, Fenghuang ancient town . with rows of stilted houses on its banks (沱江绕古城城墙下缓缓流淌，成排的吊脚楼依岸而建).

Miao Ethnic Wax Printing 苗族蜡染

This is an old technique of printing patterns on cotton cloth. First, a pattern is drawn on a piece of white cloth with melted wax. Then, when the wax has solidified, the cloth is dyed (vt. 染色) blue in a vat appears.

Lijiang Town in Yunan 云南丽江

The old town of Lijiang is located on the side of Jinsha River (Gold Sand River金沙江) 玉龙雪山). Though it has more than 800 years, the old town still has many ancient private houses and stores with black tiles and wood walls, and 虽然经历800多年，却依旧保存着大量青瓦木壁的古民宅与商铺，并存留着融合多民族文化的民俗风情).

The Ancient Streets 古街

. These streets and alleys groups, mainly the Naxis (纳西族), together with the Bais(白族), the Tibetans and the Hans, are living here harmoniously together.