进口预付款保函注意事项及格式

进口预付款保函

在大型成套设备的进口合同中,为采购原材料,卖方往往要求买方在合同签订后预付5%-15%的合同金额,而买方则担心付款后卖方不能交货而造成损失。为解决这个问题,在国际贸易实务中,通常采用买方凭卖方银行开立的预付款保函(也叫《履约保证书》)付款的办法。保函起着保护买方利益的作用,在卖方未按合同履行交货义务的情况下,买方可在有效期内凭保函索回预付款。

预付款保函的内容主要包括委托人,受益人和保证银行的名址,银行的责任承诺,生效条件,保函金额,有效期,管辖的法律等。

从哪些方面审核保函

开立银行

a.因为预付款保函的保证人即开立保函的银行承担的是第一性、直接的付款责任,所以我们要求出具保函的银行应是国际第一流的,信誉好的大银行,只有这样买方的利益才能得到保障。

b.出具保函的银行要和买方的转递银行或往来银行有代理关系,以便买方银行核对印鉴或密押以确定保函的真伪。

生效条件

通常情况保函应是一开出就生效的,但在实际业务中,我们经常收到有条件生效的保函,例如有的保函以开立银行收到买方预付款或卖方收到买方预付款的书面确认后才正式生效,这样的条件我们是不能接受的。如果买方付款后,由于各种原因(例如卖方未书面确认)保函不能生效,而卖方又不能按合同规定履行其交货义务,那买方就不能凭保函保障自己的利益。保函也就失去其“承担责任”的意义。 开立银行的责任承诺

在保函中,出具保函的银行承诺的内容是最重要的,该银行的承诺必须是“无条件的”和“不可撤消的”。“无条件的”即意味着当买方仅凭保函书面称卖方未履行其交货义务,要求出具保函银行按保函金额付款时,买方无需提供其他任何证明,也不管实际原因如何,该银行必须立即无条件地支付保函金额。“不可撤消的”是指保函在开立后,在规定的有效期内是不能撤消的。

金额

一般情况保函的金额就是预付款的金额。但对预付款的付款时间和合同交货时间较长而且金额较大的合同,我们在商务谈判中可要求保函的金额为预付款金额加上从预付款支付到买方索偿这段时间的利息,利率买卖双方事先商定。除保函另有声明外,保函担保金额不因合同被部分履行而减少。

有效期

从理论上讲,保函的目的是为了防止卖方不按合同规定交货而买方损失预付款,当卖方履行了交货义务后,保函的作用也就完成了。所以绝大部分保函的有效期从开立日始到装船日但不超过合同最迟装船期,原则上说是对的。但笔者在实际业务中发现,这样的条款存在漏洞:

a.保函实际失效时间先于卖方履行交货义务的最后期限。对失效地点在中国的保函,当保函失效时,由于时差关系,对于美国卖方而言,还有十几小时才到最迟装船期。

b.买方无时间办理索偿手续。对失效地点在卖方所在地的保函,当买方获知卖方未能在最迟装船期内履行交货义务,此时保函时效也已到,由于地理位置的差异,买方已没有时间办理有关索偿手续。所以我们应要求保函有效期至合同最迟装船期后几个工作日较妥。我们之所以强调是“工作日”主要考虑遇到节假日的情况。

其他

a.保函如果因故需要修改,必须事先经受益人和委托人的同意。

b.按惯例,保函受开立保函银行所在地法律管辖。

因银行保函无统一格式,所以我们收到保函时一定要认真审核,一旦出现上述问题要立即要求卖方通知银行进行修改。当然了,为避免来回修改浪费时间,最好在商务谈判阶段事先就保函基本内容,条件和格式进行商谈,达成一致后作为合同附件。

进口预付款保函的标准格式

Advance Payment Guarantee

To: ____________(Beneficiary) Date:

No.:

Dear Sirs:

This guarantee is hereby issued as the advance payment guarantee of ______(Applicant)(hereinafter called the supplier) for _______(the name of the contract and its number) to ________(the name of the beneficiary)(hereinafter called the buyer).

Whereas the buyer has agreed to advance to the supplier an amount of ________(say_________only) whereas the buyer has required the supplier to furnish a guarantee with an amount equal to the above said advance payment for performance of his obligations under the contract, and the _________(the name of the Guarantor), at the request of the supplier and in consideration of the buyer’s agreeing to make the above said advance to the supplier, has agreed to furnish the required guarantee.

Now therefore the guarantor hereby guarantees that the supplier shall utilize the above said advance for the purpose of the contract and if he fails and commits default in fulfillment of any of his obligation for which the advance payment is made it shall entitle the buyer to be paid not exceeding the above-mentioned amount.

Against notice in writing of any default which the guarantor should be given by the buyer stating that the supplier has failed to fulfill its obligation to the buyer and upon such first demand payment shall be made by the guarantor of the sum then due under this guarantee without any obligation.

The sum of this guarantee shall be automatically and proportionally reduced in step of the progress of the contract and the guarantor’s obligation under this guarantee shall not in any case exceeding the sum of __________(say _______only).

This guarantee shall become effective from the date of receipt of the above said advance by the supplier and valid until _______(the date of expiry). Upon expiry, please return this guarantee to us for cancellation.

This Advance Payment Guarantee is subject to Uniform Rules for Demand Guarantee (I.C.C. Publication No. 458).

Best regards.

For and on behalf of

ABC Bank

Authorized Signature(s)


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