烟草花叶病毒
Virus Diseases of Tomato
Ned Tisserat Extension Specialist, Plant Pathology http://www.plantpath.ksu.edu/pages/extension Figure1. Leaf symptoms of tomato mosaic virus.
Figure 2. Fruit symptoms of tomato mosaic virus.
Disease
Several virus diseases of tomato occur in Kansas, although they generally are not as prevalent as the wilt and foliar diseases. Three of the more common virus diseases are tomato mosaic (also referred to as tobacco mosaic), cucumber mosaic, and tomato spotted wilt. The tomato mosaic virus can attack a wide range of plants, including tomato, pepper, eggplant, tobacco, spinach, petunia, and marigold. On tomato, virus infection causes light and dark green mottled areas on the leaves. The dark green areas tend to be somewhat thicker than the lighter portions of the leaf. The leaf mottling is
seen more easily if the affected plant surface is partially shaded. Stunting of young plants is common, and often is accompanied by a distortion and fern-like appearance of the leaves. Older leaves curl downward and may be slightly distorted. Certain strains of the virus can cause a mottling, streaking, and necrosis of the fruits. Infected plants are not killed, but they produce poor quality fruit and low yields.
The cucumber mosaic virus has one of the broadest host ranges of any of the viruses. The disease affects a number of important vegetables and ornamentals including tomato, pepper, cucumber, melons, squash, spinach, celery, beets, and petunia. Tomatoes infected with the cucumber mosaic virus develop a slight yellowing and
mottling of the older leaves. Expanding leaves typically become twisted, curl downward, and develop a 'shoestring' appearance as a result of a restriction of the leaf surface to a narrow band around the midrib of the leaf. Diseased plants are stunted and produce small quantities of fruit.
The tomato spotted wilt virus also has a wide host range and can affect a number of ornamental plants as well as tomato. Early symptoms of spotted wilt on tomato are
difficult to diagnose. Young, infected plants may show an inward cupping of leaves, and the foliage may appear off-color or have a slight bronze cast. In some cases, leaves with exhibit dark purple flecks or small necrotic concentric rings.
Figure 3. Bronze cast to leaves caused by tomato spotted wilt.
Figure 4. Purple flecking of young leaves caused by tomato spotted wilt.
As the disease progresses, plants may develop dark brown to black streaks on the main stem. Occasionally the top portion of the plant wilts.
The most characteristic symptom of spotted wilt appears on the fruit. On young fruit, white to yellow concentric rings, one-half inch in diameter, develop on the fruit skin. a bumpy or warty appearance. The bright yellow rings on red, mature fruit are quite striking and are easily diagnosed as spotted wilt. The area within the ring typically is raised, which gives the fruit.
Figure 5. Fruit symptoms of tomato spotted wilt.
The leaf distortion associated with some of these viral diseases often is confused with injury resulting from phenoxy herbicide exposure. Generally, a phenoxy herbicide (2,4-
D) will uniformly affect all tomato plants in a garden or greenhouse. The herbicide also will cause leaf distortions on a number of other broadleaf plants in the area. Plants
exposed to low levels of the herbicide may recover. In contrast, virus diseases normally will not affect all plants at the same time, or cause injury to other types of plants in the area. Once the plant is infected, it will not recover.
Causes
Tomato mosaic, cucumber mosaic, and spotted wilt are incited by viruses. The tomato mosaic virus is very stable and can persist in dry contaminated soil, in infected tomato debris, on or in the seed coat. The virus is transmitted readily from plant to plant by mechanical means. This may simply involve picking up the virus while working with infected plant material, then inoculating healthy plants by rubbing or brushing against them with contaminated tools, clothing, or hands. Aphids are not vectors of the tomato mosaic virus, although certain chewing insects may transmit the pathogen.
The cucumber mosaic virus overwinters in perennial weeds and may be transmitted to healthy plants by aphid vectors (although tomatoes are not the preferred host of aphids) or by mechanical means.
The cucumber mosaic virus cannot withstand drying, or persist in the soil. It also is more difficult than tobacco mosaic to transmit mechanically. Thus, cucumber mosaic tends to progress more slowly than tobacco mosaic in a field or garden.
The spotted wilt virus is transmitted from plant to plant by several species of small insects called thrips. Thrips are less than one-quarter inch in length, light green to brown, and are extremely difficult to find on the plants. Several weedy hosts and ornamental plants may serve as alternate hosts for the virus.
Control
Virus diseases cannot be controlled once the plant is infected. Therefore, every effort should be made to prevent introduction of virus diseases into the garden. Many varieties of tomato are available with resistance to tomato mosaic virus. Sanitation is the primary means of controlling the other two virus diseases. Infected plants should be removed immediately to prevent spread of the pathogens. Perennial weeds, which may serve as alternate hosts, should be controlled in and adjacent to the garden. Avoid planting tomatoes next to cucurbits, spinach, or other vegetables and flowers susceptible to these diseases. Control of insects, especially aphids and thrips, will help reduce the likelihood of cucumber mosaic and spotted wilt.
It is the policy of Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service that all persons shall have equal opportunity and access to its educational programs, services, activities, and materials without regard to race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or disability. Kansas State University is an equal opportunity organization. These materials may be available in alternative formats.
相关文章
- 烟草病毒病的发生特点及防治技术
- 烟草病毒性病害
- 3种消毒剂对烟草漂浮育苗中TMV的钝化效果
- 2.4没有细胞结构的微生物课后练习(有解析)
- 1.种传病毒的检测方法--原理和方案
- 烟草病理学(自己)
- 黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒砧木种子发病观察及带毒检测
- 20**年中考真题 现代生物技术
- 第3讲细胞怎样构成生物体没有细胞结构的微小生物-病毒
- 侵染万寿菊的黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的克隆与序列分析
烟草病毒病的发生特点及防治技术 摘要介绍了烟草病毒病的发病症状.侵染循环特点,分析了其发病因素,总结了其防治技术,以期为烟草病毒病防治提供参考. 关键词烟草病毒病;发生特点;防治技术 黄烟是韶关市的重要经济作物,每年种植面积逾2万hm2,主 ...
烟草病毒性病害 (网上下载自用资料) 1.烟草普通花叶病 烟草普通花叶病(TMV )的发病初期,新叶发生脉明,对光看呈半透明状,沿叶脉组织变成浅绿色,随后整个叶片颜色黄绿相间,使叶片呈花叶状,边缘有时向背面卷曲,严重时叶片皱缩扭曲呈畸形.早 ...
3种消毒剂对烟草漂浮育苗中TMV 的钝化效果 摘要:为指导烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)漂浮育苗中剪叶工具和旧苗盘消毒剂的使用,采用半叶法测定了3种消毒剂对烟草普通花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus ,TM ...
2.4没有细胞结构的微生物 学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________ 一.选择题(题型注释) 1.下图一是一株烟草植物示意图,图二是①结构中一个细胞的放大图,图三是烟草 ...
种传病毒的检测方法--原理和方案 1.前言 病毒和类病毒是两类独特的病源,和其他病源,如真菌和细菌相比完全不一样. 病毒是一类颗粒,此颗粒由蛋白质外壳和核酸组成.绝大多数植物病毒的(基因组)核酸是单链RNA :只有一小部分植物病毒的基因组是 ...
1. 植物病害:植物生长发育过程中,受到其他生物的侵染获不良环境条件的影响. 2植物病害的影响:植物正常的生理代谢过程受到干扰和破坏,生理机能和组织结构出现了病理变化,内外部形态表现出不正常症状,导致植物局部获整株死亡.给农业生产造成损失. ...
河南农业大学 本科生毕业论文(设计) 题 目 学 院 专业班级 学生姓名 指导教师 撰写日期: 2014 年 5 月 河南农业大学学位论文独创性声明.使用授权及知识产权归属承诺书 黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒砧木种子发病观察及带毒检测 河南农业大学植 ...
2014中考真题 现代生物技术 1.(2014•济南)下列实例与采用的生物技术搭配错误的是( ) A ."工程菌"--转基因技术 B .制酸奶--乳酸发酵 C ."多莉"羊的诞生--克隆技术 D .快 ...
第3讲 细胞怎样构成生物体 没有细胞结构的微小生物- 病毒[整理] 考纲通鉴 课标要求 概述生物体的各种组织是由细胞分裂.分化形成的. 识别人体的几种基本组织. 识别植物的几种主要组织. 描述绿色开花植物体和人体的结构层次. 说明 ...
生物技术通报 ・研究报告・ BIOTECHNOLOGYBULLETIN 2007年第6期 侵染万寿菊的黄瓜花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因的 克隆与序列分析 李晶晶 摘 要: 邓召花曾静张金方张飞云 (首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100037) 应用 ...